Designing a Planar Fluxgate Using the PCB Technology

Abstract

The development of novel methods, scientific devices and means for measuring magnetic fields generated by ultra-low current is among promising directions in the development of medical equipment and instruments for geodetic surveys and space exploration. The present work is to develop a small sensor capable of detecting weak magnetic fields, which sources are biocurrents, radiation of far space objects and slight fluctuations of the geomagnetic field. Scientists estimate the strength of such magnetic fields as deciles of nanotesla. The key requirements for the sensors of ultra-low magnetic field are: resolution, noise level in the measurement channel, temperature stability, linearity and repeatability of the characteristics from one produced item to another. The aforementioned characteristics can be achieved by using planar technologies and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) in such advanced sensors. The work describes a complete R&D cycle, from creating the computer model of the sensor under study to manufacturing of a working prototype. To assess the effect of the geometry and material properties, the Jiles–Atherton model is implemented which, unlike the majority of the models used, allows considering the non-linearity of the core, its hysteresis properties and influence of residual magnetization. The dimensions of the developed sensor are 40×20×5 mm, while the technology allows its further diminishment. The sensor has demonstrated the linearity of its properties in the range of magnetic field strength from 0.1 nT to 50 μT for a rms current of excitation of 1.25 mA at a frequency of 30 kHz. The average sensitivity for the second harmonic is 54 μV/nT.