https://rep.bntu.by/handle/data/49394 Wed, 08 Apr 2026 05:07:54 GMT 2026-04-08T05:07:54Z https://rep.bntu.by/handle/data/60959 Formation Mechanisms and Methods for Calculating Pollutant Emissions from Natural Gas Combustion Depending on the Burner Emission Class Yarmolchick, Yu. Р. The combustion of hydrocarbon fuels in the chambers of heat generating plants is one of the main sources of pollutant emissions. Environmental standards and rules that limit emissions are becoming more stringent and their implementation requires the introduction of advanced technologies and equipment. The main device in combustion systems are blow burners, the design of which largely determines the level of emission. The article considers factors that intensify the formation of normalized pollutants, provides global chemical reactions, various types of mechanisms, and kinetic schemes. Based on the analysis of modern methods for reducing harmful emissions, the most effective design solutions for mixing devices, nozzles and systems for distributing the flow of fuel and air supplied to combustion are determined. A comparative analysis of the methods and conditions for determining the emission class of the burner device is carried out depending on the selected units of measure, the coefficient of excess air (oxygen concentration in flue gases), air humidity and the initial composition of natural gas using examples of EU and EAC standards. The methodology for calculating the emissions of nitrogen oxides depending on the measurement conditions is given. The conversion factors for the values of pollutant emissions from the accepted units in the EU (mg/(kW⋅h)) into the units indicated according to the EAC environmental rules (mg/m3) taking into account the respectively normalized coefficient of excess air are obtained. As a result of the calculations, the types of burners were determined by emission classes corresponding to the applicable environmental standards and rules in the Republic of Belarus, depending on the heat output of the boiler plants. Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT https://rep.bntu.by/handle/data/60959 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z https://rep.bntu.by/handle/data/60960 Thermal Measurement and its Application for Diagnostics of Distribution Oil Transformers Korenciak, D.; Sebok, M.; Gutten, M. In the first part of the paper the theory of infrared radiation and the use of non-destructive measurement of electrical devices by means of thermovision are under analysis. In the second part of paper basic principles and application of non-contact temperature measurement are examined. In the third part of paper thermal processes in distribution oil transformer – temperature in dependence on height of oil transformer and temperature distribution in sectional plan of oil transformer – are considered. In the fourth part of paper, by means of the experimental measurements and subsequent analysis, practical thermal imaging and contact thermal measurements by optical detectors for the diagnosis of distribution oil transformers in the field of mechanical strength of windings are shown. In this paper, we wanted to show out the possibility of using thermal measurements in this field of analysis and detection of quality of winding for distribution oil transformer. It is possible to use these methods to localize places of faults, and they are also applicable for the diagnosis and detection of disorders of the quality of materials and other anomalies during operation of the equipment. By means of the experimental measurements followed by diagnostic analysis the practical use of thermovision and optical sensors for diagnostics of power oil transformers in field mechanical strength and quality of winding is demonstrated. Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT https://rep.bntu.by/handle/data/60960 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z https://rep.bntu.by/handle/data/60958 Эффективность использования газового топлива и окислительной смеси при их увлажнении Сорока, Б. С.; Воробьев, Н. В. Проведена оценка влияния увлажнения компонентов горения (воздуха-окислителя и в отдельных случаях – горючего) на энергетическую эффективность использования различных видов топлива, в том числе в условиях замещения природного газа альтернативны-ми газовыми топливами – коксодоменной и природно-доменной смесями. Выполнены расчеты экономии топлива для замещения природного газа (NG) влажным технологическим газом (доменным (BFG), коксовым (COG), их смесями) с учетом реальных технологических параметров (на примере конкретного металлургического комбината). Все расчеты произведены в рамках авторской методологии замещения топлив, учитывающей 1-е и 2-е начала термодинамики. При условии сохранения потока полезно использованной полной энтальпии, как основного требования предложенной методологии, и учета соответствующего КПД использования топлива выполнен анализ возможности экономии или возникновения перерасхода NG. Проведен расчет потребного потока теплоты сгорания природного газа в зависимости от содержания влажного доменного газа в смесях NG + BFG для случаев замены NG технологическими газами. Установлено, что наличие влаги в топливоокислительной смеси всегда снижает КПД топочной камеры или энергетического процесса и агрегата. Для повышения КПД высокотемпературной печи (котла) необходимо обеспечить подогрев компонентов горения при утилизации теплоты уходящих продуктов сгорания. Показано, что КПД топливоиспользующей системы может быть существенно повышен при срабатывании потенциала (избыточной полной энтальпии) рабочего тела (продуктов сгорания). Дополнительные преимущества обусловлены тем, что располагаемая теплота продуктов сгорания с влажным воздухом в полном диапазоне температур – от теоретической температуры горения до температуры окружающей среды, – рассматриваемая по условиям равновесия, в том числе с учетом теплоты конденсации, возрастает с увеличением влагосодержания исходных компонентов горения: воздуха-окислителя и/или газового топлива. Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT https://rep.bntu.by/handle/data/60958 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z https://rep.bntu.by/handle/data/60957 Heat Resistance and Heat-and-Mass Transfer in Road Pavements Khroustalev, B. M.; Tingguo, Liu; Akeliev, V. D.; Zhongyu, Li; Aliakseyeu, Yu. H.; Zankavich, V. V. The paper presents a fragment of ongoing investigations directed on creation of optimal information environment that ensures an access to the R&D publications from the known scientific journals and other scientific serials which are necessary for qualitative execution of scientific and technological activities on priority areas in highway engineering. A citation analysis has been applied while using data of Journal Citation Reports for selection of world scientific publications which are necessary for execution of investigations on heat and mass transfer in road dressings. Their deformations occur under various climatic conditions due to heat- and mass transfer processes, interaction of transport flows and road surface that leads to crack formation in depth and on the surface of road dressings. Structure of constructive layers especially which are created with the help of technogenic wastes (asphalt-, reinforced concrete, concrete, brick scrap and products of their recycling, various wastes of production etc.) exerts an influence on heat and mass transfer. The paper presents results of investigations on heat flows, boundary layers according to viscosity, air velocity, geometric characteristics, permeability, capillary pressures in materials. It has been shown that calculations based on principles of complex number usage have specific features in engineering practice: it is required to observe their accuracy in approaches, calculation reduction due to some accuracy degradation as a consequence of transition from complex numbers to their modules with exclusion of phase shift account and related with propagation of thermal waves. In this respect calculations of heat resistance without phase shifts are considered as rather important if they are in agreement with principles based on the fact that a complexity is characterized by thermal absorptivity of the material in a great number of calculations. The investigations have been supported by Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists, Grant Number GZS 2018006 (People’s Republic of China, Henan Province). Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT https://rep.bntu.by/handle/data/60957 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z