https://rep.bntu.by/handle/data/136128 Mon, 06 Apr 2026 04:48:49 GMT 2026-04-06T04:48:49Z https://rep.bntu.by/handle/data/136349 Automatic Measurement in Metallography Anisovich, A.; Markevich, M.; Vanchinkhuu, Jigmeddorj Quantitative analysis of the structure of metals and alloys is an important part of modern metal science. To obtain quantitative data and build dependencies, metallographic image processing programs are used, oriented both for scientific research and for use in industry. Programs capable of automatically performing metallographic analysis are of great interest to consumers. When advertising such programs, it is often claimed that they allow quantitative analysis of the structure with virtually no time. The purpose of this work was to determine the time spent on quantitative metallographic analysis in some image processing programs presented on the Belarusian market. Connected and unconnected metallographic objects were considered. It is shown that automatic quantitative analysis is possible for unconnected objects (powders, cast iron graphite). The time required is within a minute. For connected objects (structures of metals and alloys after metallographic etching), the time required to detect objects and obtain digital data is 10–40 min or more, depending on the complexity of the object, which is unacceptable for factory laboratories that analyze a large number of samples per shift. Therefore, it is recommended that potential users of metallographic image processing software always require a substantive demonstration of the automatic measurement capabilities of the proposed software. Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT https://rep.bntu.by/handle/data/136349 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z https://rep.bntu.by/handle/data/136348 Использование многозондового модулированного лазерного излучения для идентификации сгустков веществ в потоке жидкости Алексеев, В. А.; Юран, С. И.; Усольцев, В. П.; Шульмин, Д. Н. Современные средства контроля систем обеспечения водой на предприятиях или в жилищной сфере используют лазерные системы зондирования жидкости. При этом, как правило, используются лабораторные анализы полученных проб жидкости, а также спектральные методы анализа при сканировании жидкости излучением разных длин волн. Эти подходы не позволяют проводить анализ в реальном масштабе времени движущегося потока жидкости (поточный анализ). В работе рассмотрен вариант построения системы обнаружения и идентификации аварийных сгустков загрязняющих веществ в потоке жидкости с использованием лазерного излучения в реальном масштабе времени. Приведены основные принципы построения системы, блок-схема структуры системы и параметры идентификации сгустков исследуемых веществ, протекающих в трубопроводах системы канализации или водоочистки на промышленных предприятиях. При построении системы используется несколько длин волн лазерного излучения, одновременно направленных в одну исследуемую точку сгустка исследуемого потока жидкости. Длины волн излучения определяются на стадии подготовки к исследованию. На этой начальной стадии процесса анализируются оптические спектры пропускания веществ, которые априори возможны в исследуемом потоке жидкости. Основной критерий выбора длин волн – различие оптических спектров пропускания веществ на выбранных длинах волн. Для возможности технического разделения сигналов на различных длинах волн зондирующего излучения производится модуляция потоков излучений. Создание эталонов идентификации веществ в сгустках потока жидкости производится в форме решетчатых функций, содержащих составляющие оптического спектра пропускания вещества на определенных длинах волн лазерного излучения. Модуляцию излучения предлагается проводить путём управления накачкой каждого из излучателей системы. Предлагаемая система найдет применение в нефтегазовой, перерабатывающей промышленности, в системах фильтрации и очистки водоснабжения, промышленных предприятиях и предприятиях переработки сельскохозяйственной продукции. Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT https://rep.bntu.by/handle/data/136348 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z https://rep.bntu.by/handle/data/136347 Application of the Hough Transform to Dispersion Control of Overlapping Particles and Their Agglomerates Гуляев, П. В. The dispersion control of micro- and nanoparticles by their images is of great importance for ensuring the specified properties of the particles themselves and materials based on them. The aim of this article was to consider the possibilities of using the Hough transform for dispersion control of overlapping particles and their agglomerates. Analysis of the application of the Hough transform for overlapping particles and their agglomerates showed the following. The particularities of the conventional implementation lead to the preferred registration of large particles, the shift of the centers of overlapping particles, and the distortion of the size values. To use the Hough transform correctly, fine-tuning of all its parameters is required. To automate this process, the dependences of the number and size of particles recorded in the image on the parameters of the Hough transform was investigated. The studies were carried out on test images with a known number and size of particles. The results showed that when the threshold parameters of the Hough transform change, the number of detected particles stabilizes near their optimal values. When the size range of particles detected by the Hough transform changes, the histogram of the particle size distribution changes. In this case, the optimal width of the range is determined by the most stable extremes of the histogram. The maximum center-to-center distance is set at least half of the optimal range. The configuration algorithm is described and implemented. It implies repeatedly running the Hough transform with different combinations of parameters. The algorithm includes stages of coarse and fine-tuning, which allows to getting closer to the optimal parameters. The efficiency of the algorithm has been confirmed on test and real images. Tests have shown that the errors in determining the size and number of particles of the multi-pass Hough transform are on the same level or exceed these indicators for analog methods. Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT https://rep.bntu.by/handle/data/136347 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z https://rep.bntu.by/handle/data/136279 Backscattering of Ultrasonic Waves as the Basis of the Method of Control of Structure and Physicо-Mechanical Properties of Cast Irons Baev, A. R.; Levkovich, N. V.; Babuk, E. P.; Asadchaya, M. V. Increasing the reliability of control of cast iron structure and its physical and mechanical characteristics is an important scientific and technical task of the machine-building industry. The paper studies the possibilities of controlling the structure of cast irons using structural noise created by ultrasonic scattering on graphite inclusions of different shapes. The subject of the present studies was such characteristics of structural noise as amplitude-temporal A(t) and as root mean square value of the amplitude of the ultrasonic waves backscattering field AN, compared with the data on ultrasonic velocity and strength or tensile strength of cast iron samples. As a result of the studies, a significant difference between the amplitude parameters of the AN structural noise obtained for samples with different shapes of graphite inclusions at 5 MHz was revealed for the first time. So, for example, for samples of gray cast iron (Russian: СЧ10, СЧ15, СЧ20, СЧ25), having predominantly plate-like form of graphite inclusions, the value of AN on 14–15 dB exceeds that measured in high-strength specimens of the cast iron with the prevailing form of spherical graphite inclusions ВЧ50 (Russian), etc. At the same time growth of longitudinal ultrasonic velocity amounted to 20–25 %. The method of rejection of gray cast iron from high-strength cast iron according to the data of amplitude parameters of structural noise AN at unilateral and local sounding of the object without using an additional reference signal reflected from its oppositional wall is suggested. Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT https://rep.bntu.by/handle/data/136279 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z