2 К К А S. Khomenko V. Skalaban A. Gres BRUSH UP YOUR ENGLISH M i n s k 2 0 0 3 Министерство образования Республики Беларусь БЕЛОРУССКИЙ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ Институт повышения квалификации и переподготовки кадров по новым направлениям развития техники, технологии и экономики С.А. Хоменко В.Ф. Скалабан А.И. Гресь СОВЕРШЕНСТВУЙТЕ СВОЙ АНГЛИЙСКИЙ Учебное пособие Рекомендовано Редакционно-издательским советом Белорусского национального технического университета М и н с к 2 0 0 3 УДК 802.0 (075.8) БВК 81.2 Анпт.я 7 -€-42- Рецензенты: С.А. Дубинко, B.C. Слепович Хоменко С.А. С 42 Brush up your English. Совершенствуйте свой английский;Учеб. пособие / С.А Хомен­ ко, В.Ф Скалабан, А.И. Гресь. - Мн.: БНТУ, 2003. - 119 с. ISBN 985-479-047-9. Учебное пособие включает шесть тематических уроков, представленных аутентичным тек­ стовым материалом и комплексом заданий по развитию стабильных коммуникативных навыков Характер, структура и содержание учебного пособия определяются целевой установкой иноязыч­ ного образования: практическое владение специалистами иностранным языком как средством ин­ теркультурной коммуникации как в сферах профессиональных интересов, так и в ситуациях соци­ ального общения. Рекомендуется для студентов, магистрантов, аспирантов технических университетов. УДК 802.0 (075.8) ББК81.2 Англ.я 7 ISBN 985-479-047-9 О Хоменко С.А., Скалабан В.Ф., Гресь А.И., 2003 В в е д е н и е Учебное пособие является составной частью учебно-методического комплекса, предназначенного для студентов, магистрантов, аспирантов тех­ нических университетов. Его структура, содержание и характер определяется целевой установкой иноязычного образования - формирование у обучаемых коммуникативной компетенции. Пособие включает 6 тематических уроков (Units): 'Belarus'; 'English - Speaking Countries'; 'Higher Education'; Free Time and Leisure1; What is Your Line'; 'Meeting. Discussing. Learning', представленных аутентичным текстовым материалом и комплексами заданий по развитию языковых коммуникатив­ ных навыков. Тексты пособия рассматриваются и как учебные упражнения, и как информационные единицы. Каждый урок (Units) включает четыре учебных модуля: Reading and Speak­ ing; Listening and Speaking; Conversation Practice; Reading and Writing. В рамках модулей осваивается и закрепляется лексико-грамматический материал (Lan­ guage Practice), необходимый и достаточный для социально обусловленного и профессионально-ориентированного иноязычного общения. Модуль " Reading and Speaking" предусматривает совершенствование на­ выков чтения и обучения устным формам общения на материале предложен­ ных текстов и упражнений. Модуль "Listening and Speaking" направлен на развитие навыков воспри­ ятия на слух и понимания иноязычной речи и формирование умений моноло­ гического высказывания по заданной теме или проблеме. Модуль "Conversation Practice" представлен аутентичными диалогами, ре­ презентирующими разговорный стиль общения, и предусматривает формиро­ вание умений осуществлять диалогическое общение в разных ситуациаях. Модуль "Reading and Writing" предусматривает совершенствование навыков чтения и умений письменно оформить и передать информацию в виде написания рекламы, рекомендательного письма и т.п. Представленный в пособии наглядный материал способствует более эффективному усвоению учебного материала и является опорой для стимулирования мыслительно-речевой деятельности обучаемых. Пособие может быть использовано как для аудиторной, так и для самостоятельной работы, так как некоторые задания можно выполнять и проверять по ключам, представленным в пособии. 3 Unit 1. Belarus I. Reading and Speaking. The History o f Belarus Active Vocabulary: ancient a belong v contaminate v countryside n damage n defeat v denote v destroy v divide v explode v fatherland n independence n invade v nuclear a religion n Orthodox religion resistance n partisan resistance post-war a poverty n savage a serfn take over v tribe n древний принадлежать загрязнять сельская местность ущерб наносить поражение; одержать победу обозначать уничтожать, разрушать делить, разделять взрывать (ся) отечество независимость вторгаться, захватывать ядерный, атомный религия, вера православная вера сопротивление партизанское сопротивление послевоенный бедность жестокий крепостной сменять, идти на смену племя Language Practice: 1. Arrange the following words in pairs so that each pair consisted of a word and its anto- nvm. Example: ancient pre-war wealth to defeat to construct to contaminate - to purify poverty countryside to lose savage to destroy post-war humane modern urban area 4 2. Arrange the words in the right order to make up correct sentences. 1. Belarus/ in/ are/ of/ There/ a lot/ castles/ ancient. 2. off Radzivill family/ the/ Mir castle/ one/ famous/ the/ residences/ is/ many/ of. 3. restoration/ Today/ off architectural/ it's/ off the/ college/ a/ residence. 4. famous/ Brest Fortress/ heroic/ is/ by/ hamison/ the/ о 17 its/ deed. 5. Brest/ a/ Close/ park/ is/ Belovezskaya Pustcha/ national/ to. 3. Insert the prepositions into the following sentences. The prepositions are given below. Some of them may be used more than once. I____________________ over, in, of, by, out, with, under, during, from_______ ____________ 1. When Poland unified_____ Lithuania______ 1569, Polish culture became much more in­ fluential. Belarus and the Belarusian church was brought_____the authority_____ the Vatican. 2. When Poland was invaded_____Germany and the U SSR_____ 1939, the USSR took back the Polish section______Belarus. 3. _____World War II underground parties and Komsomol groups were spread a l l_____ Belarus. 4. _____1944 the Germans were driven___________ Belarus by the Red Army. 5. The early 1990s have been characterized_____the crisis_____ economy. 4. Read the following passage and translate the words in brackets into English. Do not for­ get to use the correct form of the verb. On April 26th 1986 the biggest man - made catastrophe o f this century occurred in a small town in the north - east of the Ukraine. Chernobyl 1_____(атомная) power station 2____ (взорвалась) and 3_____ (загрязнила) a very large region, which 4_____ (принадле­ жала) to Belarus and where two million people lived. Basically, it 5____ (разделила) the country into two parts. The major part o f ____ (сельской местности) is _____(загрязне­ на) with long - life isotopes, which means tha t8 (ущерб) will still be visible up to the year 3000. In these regions farming and agriculture are almost completely 9_____(уничто­ жены). No 10_____(ядерный) accident in history has been so ______(жестоким) and caused so much tragedy to so many people. 5. Read the text and be ready for comprehension check-up. The History o f Belarus The history of Belarus is ancient. The first people appeared here 40 thousand years ago. Part of Belarus was inhabited by tribes, belonging to the Ural group of people and by Indo- Europeans. Many Belarusian towns became Tatar vassals after the Mongols defeated the Slav rulers in Kiev in 1240. During the 14th century the area was taken over by Lithuania, which allowed Belarus to preserve its Orthodox religion and its language. Over the next 400 years, Belarus became a cultural area different from Russia and Ukraine. From the second half of the XVI century the term "White Rus" was used to denote the territory between Lithuania and the Moscow State. By the end of the 18th century Poland was getting too much power and Russia stepped in and took Belarus. Russia was trying to make Belarus part of the great fatherland: publish­ ing in the Belarusian language was illegal and the Russian Orthodox church was established. During the 19th century Belarus started moving from agriculture to a more industrial­ ized economy. In the 1860s the serfs were freed, but poverty in the countryside remained so high that 1.5 million people emigrated abroad around the turn of the century. 5 During World War I (1914-1918), many Russian-German battles took place in Belarus, and a lot of the country was destroyed. Germany took Belarus, but in 1921 the country was divided between Poland and Bolshevik Russia (which became the USSR the next year). The Soviet section of Belarus had agricultural collectivisation during the 1930s. Unfortunately for the Belarusians, they were on the front line again when Germany invaded the USSR in 1941. The German occupation was savage and partisan resistance was widespread The invaders burnt out and destroyed 209 cities and towns, 9200 villages and practically all industrial enterprises, collective and state farms, hospitals and etc. The first post-war 5 year plan repaired a lot of the war damage, and Minsk developed into one of the industrial cities of the USSR People moved into the city and many Russians immigrated to Belarus. Since then different branches of industry began to develop very quickly. Automobile, instrument-making, light and food industries together with construction were and still remain among the leading ones. When the Chernobyl nuclear power station in the Ukraine exploded on 26 April 1986, Belarus was harder hit than the Ukraine itself It was a national tragedy for Belarus. About one-fifth o f the country was seriously contaminated by radioactive materials. Comprehension Check: 1. Answer the questions using the information from the text and any other additional information: 1. When did the first people appear in Belarus? 2. When did the term "White Rus" first come into use? 3. What was the situation like by the end of the 18th century? 4. What happened in Belarus during World War I? 5. What do you know about the years of the Great Patriotic War? 6. What is referred to as a national tragedy of the Republic o f Belarus? 2. Have a look at the following dates and try to remember in what situations they were used in the text: April 26,1986 1240 August 25,1991 400 years 1921 5-year plan 1930s 1860s 1.5 million 3. Use each of the following in a sentence of your own. Make all sentences passive. Each sentence should contain some information about our republic's past or present. to be inhabited by to be divided to be widespread to be burnt down to be freed to be destroyed 4. How well do you know the history of Belarus? You are an exchange student. Now you are studying computer science at the University of Illinois, Chicago. It's a part of tradition for all international students to deliver a short lecture about their native country and today is your turn. Get ready to make a report about the history of Belarus beginning from ancient and up to modem times. 6 Below please find the table, which will help you to make a well-structured and infor­ mational report. Historical events Conversational formulas 3d millenium ВС - Belarus was inhabited by tribes belonging to the Ugro-Finnish branch of the Ural group of people. Dear friends, I am very glad to see all of you in this ha ll... Today is my turn to introduce my home country ... First of all I would like to draw your attention to the fact, that ... .. had a great influence on the history of Belarus and led to ... It is important th a t... Among one of the most influential up­ risings in the whole history of Belarus was ... because ... I would like to mention ... as-an in­ separable part of our nation past. Please feel free to ask any questions... Beginning of AD - Indo-Europeans predominated, major part of Belarus was inhabited by Balts. ХШ-first half of XVI cc - Belarus is a part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Second half of XVI с - the term "White Rus " is in­ troduced. The Union of Lublin (1569) - Poland and Lithuania formed a new feudal state: Rzecz Pospolita. Polish influence increased. XIV - XVI cc architecture reached a high level XVII-XVIII cc - long-lasting and devastating wars resulted in crisis of Belarus. 1863 - 1864 - the uprising of K. Kalinovsky. 1941 - 1918 - World War I - Belarus became an arena of combat since 1915. 1917 - the October Revolution February 1919 - the Constitution of BSSR is adopted. 1940 -1945 -World War П 1986 - the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident. с - century BC - Before Christ (до нашей эры) AD - Anno Domini (нашей эры) II. Listening and Speaking. About Belarus Active Vocabulary: acquire v advantageously adv clay constitute v сгори dissolution n favourable a favourable situation flax n fodder n granite n gravel n humid a invasion n приобретать выгодно, благоприятно глина составлять урожай растворение, распад благоприятный, подходящий, удобный удобное расположение лен корм гранит; а гранитный гравий сырой, влажный вторжение, нашествие 7 miss v moderate a origin n outline n potassium salt n predominant a prosper v raw n raw materials pi significant a stream n пропускать, скучать умеренный происхождение очертание калийная соль преобладающий, доминирующий процветать сырой сырье существенный, важный река, ручей Language Practice: 1. Find an odd word. 1. flax, cotton, silk, iron, denim, 2. village, city, town, hamlet, center, 3. eastern, European, northern, southern, western; 4 strong, rich, poor, prosperous, wealthy; 5. house, cottage, apartment, villa, bungalow; 6. castle, dwelling-house, fortress, cathedral, palace; 7. serf, baroque, gothic, rococo, 8. Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Belarus. 2. Word groups. Put the following words into the correct columns. Use the dictionary if necessary. pine, gravel, barley, clay, potassium salt, fir-tree, oak, oat, sand, dolomite, maple, wheat, ash, _______________________ millet, marble, rye, cedar, chalk_________________________ raw materials grain trees 3. Word-formation. Make up adjectives of the following nouns. Note: the most common adjectival suffixes are -ful, -able, -y, -al. Favour, centre, wonder, music, sand, use, noise, doubt, comfort, master, wind. 4. Translate the following sentences into English. You will find all the underlined words in the active vocabulary list. 1. Некоторые жители Беларуси считают, что своими очертаниями страна напомина­ ет зубра. 2. Для Беларуси характерно удобное расположение на пересечении торговых путей и поэтому она всегда была местом многочисленных вторжений 3. Умеренный климат республики позволяет выращивать лен, собирать большие урожаи овощей и фруктов. 4. Беларусь богата такими видами сырья как глина, гранит, гравий, калийная соль 5. Одной из самых значительных отраслей современной промышленности является машиностроение. 8 5. Listen to the text and be ready for comprehension check-up. About Belarus The Republic o f Belarus is a new independent state that has been formed as a result o f the dissolution of the USSR. There are a few variants o f the origin o f the name "Belarus". Here are two of them: Firstly, the white flax clothes o f the ancient villagers, their fair hair and the whiteness of their skin. Secondly, when our ancient Slav lands were invaded by Tatars and Mongols, that part of Russia was clear of the invasion and remained "white". Belarus occupies 207.600 square km. It stretches for 560 km from north to south and 650 km from east to west. It borders on the Ukraine, Russia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland. So, it's advantageously situated at the crossroads from Western Europe to the East. Such favour­ able situation has always attracted the enemy. There was not a single war in Eastern Europe that has missed Belarus. The population of Belarus constitutes about 10 million people. Representatives of more than 160 nationalities live here. Significant numbers of Russians, Poles and Ukrainians live in the Republic along with Belarusians. The relief of Belarus is predominantly low hilly land with the average height o f 160 m over the sea level. The flatland nature creates favourable conditions for the expansion of hu­ man settlements, agricultural development of the territory, construction of industries. Agri­ cultural lands occupy 45% of the Republic's territory. Forests account for 36%. About 30 kinds of mineral raw materials can be found in Belarus. The most significant are potassium salts the reserves o f which occupy one o f the leading places in Europe. The country is rich in rock products, such as granites, dolomites, chalk, clay, sand and gravel. The climate o f Belarus is moderately continental with mild and humid winter, warm summer and wet autumn. The climatic conditions are favourable for growing stable grain crops, vegetables, especially for cultivating potatoes, flax, annual grass and fodder root crops. There are more than 20.000 rivers and streams in Belarus and about 11.000 lakes. Naroch is the largest lake in the country. The rivers Pripyat, Dnieper, Neman, Zapadnaya Dvina are important for river navigation. The capital of Belarus is Minsk. The contemporary Minsk occupies an ideal central po­ sition. It is considered to be one o f the most attractive and important cities. One o f the chief glories of Minsk is the Trinity Suburb, a delight for every visitor. It's beautiful in all seasons of the year. Its narrow streets and small beautiful houses remind us of the past. The center of the present-day Minsk has become Independence Square, framed by a variety of outstanding buildings of modem architecture. Minsk is full of parks and is surrounded by a countryside of great natural beauty. Its parks and the Botanic Garden are real attractions of the city. The river Svislotch runs through the city center and divides it into 2 parts. Minsk is the country's center of science and culture. A great number of research insti­ tutes, design and engineering institutions and the National Academy of Sciences function here. Republic's specialists are trained at more than 20 higher educational institutions. Minsk today is the capital of an independent state, which means that broad possibilities for develop­ ment are open before the city. Minsk is growing and prospering. Life in the capital is acquir­ ing new qualities and is changing with every passing year. Comprehension Check: 1. Answer the following questions about the Republic of Belarus. 1. What are the two most popular variants of the origin of the name "Belarus"? 2. Why can it be said about Belarus that it's advantageously situated? 3. What is the population of Belarus? What nationalities live here? 9 4. What area do agricultural lands occupy? 5. What kinds o f raw materials can be found in Belarus? 6. What is the climate of Belarus? 7. What are the highlights of the Belarusian capital? In your opinion, what will change in the city's appearance in the future? 2. Complete the following sentences using the information from the tex t 1. The Republic of Belarus is _______ . 2. Belarus occupies _____. It borders o n _____ . Such favourable situation has always 3. The population of the republic is _____. Significant number o f_____ live in Belarus. 4. The relief o f Belarus is predominantly_____with an average height o f_____ . 5. Agricultural lands occupy_____of the territory. Forests account for______. 6. About_____kinds o f mineral raw materials can be found in Belarus. The most signifi­ cant are_____. 7. The climate of Belarus is ____ with ____ . 8. There are more than_____rivers and streams, and about_____ lakes. Naroch is _____ . 9. The republic's capital, Minsk, is considered to b e _____. _____ has become the center of the present-day Minsk. The river Svislotch _____. Republic's specialists are trained 3. Read the following extract about the Belarusian town Lida and punctuate it Until the early fourteenth century the ancient settlement o f Lida was a wood fortress in 1323 prince Gedimin o f Lithuania built a stone-and-brick fortress at the site and thus it with­ stood crusader attacks from Prussia in 1392 and 1394 in the seventeenth century it was at­ tacked and damaged several times and in 1710 the fortress was burned to the ground by the Swedes it was not rebuilt after that following Gedimin's death Lithuania was divided into principalities and Lida became the capital of one such principality Lida was granted Magde­ burg Rights in the early sixteenth century in the mid-sixteenth century Lida became a county seat in the district of Vilno. 4. You are invited to take part in tfae international conference. On the very first day each participant is expected to make a short oral presentation about his/her native country. You have the plan: some facts from the history; some general features (population, territory, sights); economy; political system; scientific development (especially for your field of study). Your aim is to make a well-structured, coherent and comprehensive presentation. Feel free to use as much additional information as possible. Some useful words and phrases for your presentation are given below. a) Your opinion: To start with ... Actually... In fact... (The fact is ...) The point is ... Most likely... I hope ... As I see i t ... 10 b) Arranging facts in order: First of a l l ... Secondly ... Moreover ... Finally... In addition to this ... Then... III. Conversation Practice. Famous People o f Belarus Active Vocabulary: alphabet n Cyrillic alphabet aurochn achievement n craft n degreen dissemination n enlightener n enlightenment n graduate v humanist n hymn л impact n manuscript n principality n purpose n sufficient a Language Practice: 1. Match the words in column A with their explanations in column B. А В 1. hymn A. artistry, skill 2. manuscript B. religious song 3. enlightenment C. person, who is concerned with human beings rather than with religion 4. impact D. knowledge, absence of ignorance S. humanist E. document or text, written by hand or typed but not printed 6. craft F. forceful shock, effect 2. Insert the missing words into the sentences. All the words have to be cbosen from the ac­ tive vocabulary list. 1. After the closure of the typography in Vilno, the capital o f the Great Lithuanian_____, was founded in Evye, in the estate of the orthodoxial principal Bogdan Oginski. 2. In the XVIIth century in Lubcha (Novogrudok district) there was the largest Reformation typography of Belarus, which had a great_____on further development of the artistic and polygraphic traditions of Skorina. алфавит кириллица (древнеславянский алфавит) зубр достижение ремесло степень распространение просветитель просвещение окончить учебное заведение гуманист гимн влияние рукопись княжество цель достаточный, значительный 11 3. After_____growth, since the second half of the XVIIth century the book-printing busi­ ness in Belarus was suffering from a long crisis. 4. Later, Maxim Vashchenko rented the Mogilev typography with th e_____to enliven the book-printing activity. 3. Match the word combinations with their Russian equivalents. 1. sufficient development а. торговый и ремесленный центр 2. “A Song About An Auroch” b. распространение книг 3. a center of trade and crafts с. точная дата рождения неизвестна 4. with enlightening purposes d. значительное развитие 5. book dissemination е. выдающееся достижение 6. no exact date of birth is known f. в просветительских целях 7. an outstanding achievement g. «Песня о зубре» 4. Make up the sentences with the given words and word combinations. I think radium was composed Christopher Columbus I’m sure “Psalter” invented Oswald I know steam engine written Beethoven Perhaps “Hamlet” killed James Watt America printed Pierre and Marie Curie 5th Symphony discovered Shakespeare JF Kennedy Francisk Skorina S. Read an extract from the excursion in the Belarusian Museum of History and be ready for comprehension check-up. Guide: ... In general, in the 14th - 15th centuries a sufficient development of education, book-printing and enlivening o f spiritual life was observed in Belarus. The libraries and centers of manuscript art existed in Polotsk, Slutsk, Grodno, Brest and many other cities. In the 16th century the new stage of development of Belarusian culture started. In 1523 the Belarusian poet-humanist Mikola Gusovsky published in Krakov his poem “A Song About An Auroch”. It’s a real hymn to Belarusian land. And also, Francisk Skorina, the first Belarusian book-printer was an outstanding worker of Slav culture, an enlightener, humanist, scientist, writer, thinker, whose creative work had a great impact on the development of Belarusian language, literature and book-printing. Visitor: If I am not mistaken, Skorina was bom in Polotsk. Is that correct? Guide: Absolutely. Polotsk was a large center of trades and crafts and a cultural center of Belarus at that time. But unfortunately, no exact date o f his birth is known. In 1506 he graduated from the Krakov University with a Bachelor degree. In the autumn of 1512 Skorina arrived to the world - known Paduan University, where he brilliantly passed the examination for the Doctor of medicine degree. Visitor: What was the first book published by Skorina? Did it happen in Belarus? Guide: The first book that Skorina printed in 1517 was “Psalter”. It happened in Prague. This book was printed not only with religious but also with enlightening purposes. In 1520 Skorina arrived in Vilno. Visitor: Vilno? This geographic name sounds very familiar. Is it a Belarusian city? Where is it situated? Guide: At that time Vilno was the capital of the Great Lithuanian Principality. In the 16th century it was the center of Belarusian culture, where in various periods of history the activity of many writers, social and state leaders took place. In the 12 typography of Vilno Skorina printed two books: “The Small Travelling Book” and “Apostle”. The name of Francisk Skorina will forever be kept in history due to his achievements in the field of enlightenment, book-printing and book dissemination. In terms of the quantity, the books of this Belarusian enlightener are more than a half of all the publications in the Cyrillic alphabet in the world during the 15th - the first half of the 16th century ... Comprehension Check: 1. Complete the questions with the suitable question words: what, who, where, when, why, how. Answer these questions: 1. _____was a sufficient development of education and book-printing observed in Belarus? 2. _____is that person, whose name will forever be kept in history due to his achievements in enlightenment, book-printing and book dissemination? 3. _____was Skorina’s first book published?_____ was its title? 4. _____is it said that in the 16* century the new stage of development o f Belarusian cul­ ture started? 5. _____was the contemporary city of Vilnius called at that time? 2. Error correction. Read the text about the Radzivill Family and look carefully at each line. Some of the lines are correct and some have a word that should not be there. If a line is correct, put a (•/) at the end of it. If there is a word that should not be there, write it at the end of the line. There are two examples at the beginning (0 and 00). The Radzivill Family 0 There were many noble families in the history of Belarus. However ✓ 00 the Radzivill family remains the very most famous. The family very 1 influenced on a wide variety of human activities - from public and 2 political life to culture and education. Members o f the family were there 3 leaders in wars against the enemies of the Grand Duchy of the Lithuania 4 and later o f the Russian Empire. For centuries they collected and 5 preserved books, documents, paintings, weaponry, and of many rare and 6 valuable objects that could fill entire museums. With their own 7 money, the Radzivills built at printing shops in Brest, Nesvizh and 8 other Belarusian cities. This family influenced politics, economics 9 and much the culture of the entire Belarusian nation, 1 3. Read the following passages about the famous people of Belarus and fill in the gaps with the necessary prepositions. A. Vintsent Dunin-Martsinkievitch is considered a founder 1_____ the New Belarusian Literature. His lifework was devoted 2_____the establishment 3______the literature 4______ Belarusian language and he laid the democratic foundations of it's further development. He was prosecuted5_____both Russian imperial system and Polish nobility, and yet he managed to find means to publish several books, operas and dramas, and to give way 6_____Belaru­ sian literary language. Dunin-Martsinkievitch had built a strong foundation 7_____a further development 8_____the Belarusian national literature and was 9______the very beginning 10____ Belarusian cultural revival. 13 в. A poet 1_____fine sensibility and unmatched technical mastery, Belarusian first fully qualified literary critic, and the author 2_____a few strikingly original short prose works, Boghdanovitch played a unique role 3_____the development _____ the early 20th century Belarusian literature С Frantsishak Boghushevitch was among the first Belarusian intellectuals working to­ wards the awakening ‘_____Belarusian national consciousness 2_____ the period 3_____ the strongest tsarist reaction. He is one of the first poets who has started a New Belarusian Literature. He had given a new life 4____the Belarusian language 5_____ his works. All his life was devoted 6_ ___ the idea 7_____ Belarusian cultural revival. 4. You have to make up a report about Natalia Zvereva, one of the most famous tennis players in the world. Below you will find a factfile on Zvereva, and some useful information from her recent interview. Your report will be taken to the internet and put on the Website dedicated to the famous people who were born in Belarus, so it should not exceed one page in the written form. Get ready to produce it orally as well. She beat Steffi Graf and Monica Seles in the 1998 Wimbledon tournament. "It's by fa r the best match o f my life," she [Zvereva] said [about the match against Graff." Current residence: Newport Beach, southern California, USA; Place of Birth: Minsk, Belarus; Date of Birth: April 16, 1971; Height: 5’8” / 1.74m; Weight: 138 lbs/62kg; Plays: right-handed, Status: professional. Family: father - Marat, plays tennis and teaches playing; mother - Nina; brother - Yaroslav (older); - enjoys watching water polo and playing table tennis; - favourite author is Fyodor Dostoevsky; - favourite cuisines are her mom's, Japanese, Russian and Indian - has an outgoing and easy personality, - has a passion for motor bikes; - likes listening to music (especially Led Zeppelin & Aretha Franklin), watching X-Files episodes with her friends, and reading IV. Reading and Writing. Cities o f Belarus Active Vocabulary:. atmosphere n атмосфера hustle-and-bustle atmosphere оживленная атмосфера avoid v избегать border n, а граница; приграничный cathedral n собор 14 confluence n date from v design v fort n major defensive fort fortification n system of fortifications highlight n merchant n mournful a picturesque a mix n random mix prosper v remain v scatter v siege n sleepy a stroll v survive v слияние (рек) вести исчисление проектировать форт основной защитный форт фортификация; p i укрепление система укреплений основной момент; достопримечательность купец, торговец печальный, траурный живописный смесь случайная смесь процветать оставаться рассыпать, разбрасывать осада сонный прогуливаться выживать, пережить Language Practice: 1. Take a word from the left column and find a suitable word or expressions in the right one in order to make a word combination: mournful border to design highlights long-lasting to stroll to survive a cathedra] the horrors of war siege music of the city town along the main street 2. Insert prepositions into the following sentences. Some prepositions may be used more than once. ■________________________ with, on, for, to, at, of, through, in_________________________ 1. ____ the south-western en d_____ Skorina Avenue the 500 meter long Independence Square is surrounded _____ government buildings and the attractive catholic church ____ St. Simon. 2. The Belarus National Museum_____History and Culture will take y o u ______a trip ____ the turbulent history_____ the nation, while the Belarusian State Art Museum has a collection_____17th 20th century paintings. 3. ____ a look at how Minsk used to be, travel_____ the east_____ the Svislotch River, where all the buildings have been rebuilt_____ancient style. It's scattered_____ cafes, bars and gift shops. 4. ____ Skorina Avenue one can see the monument building_____ the Philarmonia_____ an extremely rare concert organ. 15 3. Read the passage and translate the words in brackets into English. All the words are given in the active vocabulary list. One definitely can't call Minsk a ____ (печальным) or 2______(сонным) city. Its specific 3_____(оживленная атмосфера) of the Republic's capital will not leave you indif­ ferent. The city is more than 900 years old. It4_____(пережил) the World War II, but in this severe battle for life it lost its numerous 5_____(достопримечательности). However it still 6_____(остается) one of the most charming cities in Belarus. It grows and 7_____ (процве­ тает) from day to day. 4. Read the four descriptions of different cities of Belarus given below and be ready for comprehension check-up. Brest One of the busiest road and rail border points in Eastern Europe, Brest lies right on the border with Poland. Like all border towns, it has hustle-and-bustie atmosphere. Brest was one of the Soviet Union's 11 "Hero Cities" of World War II —when the Germans invaded in June 1941, the Brest Fortress held out for a month. At the confluence of the Buh and Mukhavets rivers, the Brest Fortress is the thing to see in Brest. Between 1838 and 1842, the entire town was moved east to make way for this massive fort. It was ruined in 1941 and its remains have been turned into a grandiose memorial to its defenders There's plenty of mournful music, re­ corded gunfire and Soviet-style statuary. Just to the west of the fortress is the partly ruined Nikolaevsky Church, the oldest in the city. Once part of a large monastery', it was destroyed during the 1941 siege. Belavezhskaya Pustcha Nature Reserve is also situated not far from Brest. Grodno Grodno is probably the most picturesque city in all of Belarus simply because it sur­ vived the war better than anywhere else and has more historic buildings to prove it. Settled since ancient times, Grodno was joined to Lithuania in the 14th century, when it became a major defensive fort, which built a place and several churches. Today it's an industrial and cultural centre with a cosmopolitan atmosphere. Sovetskaya street is the favourite strolling avenue - it's a pleasant place with shops and cafes, with a tree-filled park at its southern end Grodno's churches include the proud Baroque Famy Cathedral and the 12th century wooden Church of Saints Boris and Hleb, which is the second-oldest building in Belarus. Nesvizh Nesvizh is one of the oldest towns in the country. It dates from the 13th century, but reached its zenith in the mid- 16th century when its ruling merchants had rebuilt it with an ad­ vanced system of fortifications Over the centuries, war, fire and neglect lowered the town's status, and today it’s a ran­ dom mix of painted wooden cottages and dwelling houses together with the fine 16th century architecture. The Slutsk Gate, built in the 16th century, was redone in Baroque style 2 centu­ ries later. The large and sombre Famy Polish Roman catholic Church is early Baroque style and features a splendidly proportioned facade. Beyond the church, the Radziwill Palace Fortress was designed by the Italian architect Bemardons in the 16th century. Polotsk Polotsk dates back to Varangians in the 6th century. Although it avoided being attacked by Mongol hordes in the 13th century, it was later joined to Lithuania and Poland and its citi­ zens became serfs. Polotsk prospered as a river port, but was continually flung back and forth between the Muscovy tsars and the Polish crown. St Sophia cathedral is the city highlight. Built in the 11th century, it's the oldest surviv­ ing building in Belarus, and was originally modelled on St. Sophia Cathedral in Kiev. Unfor­ 16 tunately, it hasn't preserved its 11th century features. Damaged by the fire in the 15th century, it was turned into a military headquaters and reconstructed in the 18th century as a Baroque Catholic cathedral. The museum inside has a model o f the original cathedral and you can see the 11th century foundations in the basement. Comprehension Check: 1. Fill in the table with the information from the texts given above. City Location History Highlights BREST border with Poland GRODNO NESVIZH Dates from the 13'" century, reached zenith in the 16th century POLOTSK St. Sophia cathedral 2. Read the text about Vitebsk. Fill in the gaps in the text using the words and word combi­ nations from the box. | center, legend, German knights. Princess Olga, ancient emblem, three rivers, heroic deeds, I was included, settlements, self-government, Magdeburg rights, in chronicles, glorious battle, !________________________________ had been known________________________________ Vitebsk is a Belarusian city situated on the North-East o f Belarus in the land of glacier lakes on the picturesque banks of the 1_______. It is one of the oldest 2_______ in Europe. According to a 3_______ Vitebsk was founded in 974 by 4_______ of Kiev after successful campaign against one of the Baltic Tribes. But the first information about the town appeared 5______ in 1021. It had sprung up on a busy road "from Varangians to Greeks" and stood witness to a great number of glorious events and 6 Since early times the town 7______ as a "warrior". So it is not by chance that on its 8 there is a horseman hold­ ing a spear and a shield. Vitebsk was an important fortress and merchant 9_______at the north-eastern border of the Polatsk Principality. Vitebsk 10_______ into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1320 and its citizens got some merchant privileges and 11_______. In 1597 Vitebsk was granted 12_______. On July 15, 1410 a troop of armed Vitebsk citizens took part in a 13_______near Grunwald (in Eastern Prussia) where united army of the Grand Duche of Lithuania and the Polish Kingdom fought against the army o f 14_______ (Tevton Order). 3. Writing a guidebook entry. The publishers of a guidebook on Belarus have asked you to write an entry for a town you know well. The guidebook is called "All In A Day" and gives tourists information and practical details about what to see within one day. It's a good idea to include some unusual characteristics o f the place you are describing, which may not be immediately obvious to the tourist passing through. Practical details such as cost and times will also be useful. The following diagram may help you: 17 ( ^ ^ ^ S E U M S J ^ ) TOWN СГ 081 CTdmSicT^ > Remember that your description should be no more than 250 words, so be selective about what you include. Use the expressions below to plan what you are going to write: Introduction: If you are spending a day ... No tour would be complete without a trip to ... Situated on the river bank/near the lake is ... Thing to see and do: Why not v isit... You may want to try + mg/noun In contrast... Conclusion: Don't forget to ... If you want to experience something different... ! Don't forget to name the town and describe its location. Unit 2. English - Speaking Countries I. Reading and Speaking. Great Britain Active Vocabulary: bagpipe n волынка castle n замок climb v подниматься, взбираться coal n уголь coal-mining а угледобывающий differ from v отличаться от diverse а разнообразный, разный event n событие fabulous а легендарный, невероятный fertile а плодородный hospitality n гостеприимство, радушие landscape n ландшафт, пейзаж loch n шотл. озеро moorland n местность, поросшая вереском, вересковая пустошь plain п равнина porridge п (овсяная) каша responsible а ответственный steady а надежный, постоянный; установившийся tartan п клетчатая шерстяная материя, шотландка valley п долина witness п свидетель 18 Language Practice: 1. Match the words (column A) with their definitions (column B). A В 1. castle A area of uncultivated land covered with low shrubs 2 Scotland B. lake in Scotland 3. moorland C. musical instrument made of an air sack attached to pipes 4. island D. large fortified building 5. loch E. oatmeal cooked in water 6. mountain F. (cloth) woven into a special pattern for one of the Scottish clans 7. bagpipe G. country to the north of England, forming part of Great Britain 8. tartan H. very high land 9 porridge I. piece of land entirely surrounded by water 2. Read a short extract about English pubs and insert necessary prepositions. |__________________________ over, in, on, to, for, after, by, of__________________________ For company and conversation the English go 1_____the pub. The cafes 2_____ Eng­ land sell only coffee, tea and soft drinks You go ’ ____ a cafe 4_____ a meal or a quick cup 5____ tea, but not to sit and watch the world go 6 When you want to relax a day’s work, you go 8 the local pub. Nearly everyone drinks beer. Most pubs. 9 ~ fact, have a piano and 16 Saturday night the customers may gather round it and sing The songs they sing are the same a ll11_____England. They are very easy to learn. 3. Translate into English. You will find all the underlined words in the active vocabulary list. 1. Название «Британия» происходит от названия одного из кельтских племен. 2. Одно из главных событий британской истории произошло в 55 году до н.э., когда Юлий Цезарь начал завоевывать Британию. 3 В Великобритании можно найти почти все виды ландшафтов: горные районы, плодородные равнины, вересковые пустоши, крутые берега. 4. Лондон - одна из самых красивых столиц мира, которая славится своим гостепри­ имством 5. В Бирмингеме есть несколько впечатляющих соборов и замок, построенный в 16-м веке. 6. Все туристы, приезжающие в Шотландию, обязательно хотят послушать волынку и попробовать настоящий виски. 7. Многие шотландцы верят в существование невероятного чудовища, которое живет в озере Несс. 8. Ливерпуль - один из крупнейших портов мира Сегодня это большой и современ­ ный город с разноплановой (разнообразной) архитектурой. 4. Read the text and be ready for comprehension check-up. Great Britain Welcome to England, the land of fabulous and diverse landscape, mysterious castles, witnesses to many historical events, charming nature and wonderful hospitality. If one wants to sum up the British character, the most suitable word to use is steady. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland with an area of some 244 000 square miles is situated on the British Isles which are separated from the European conti­ nent by the North Sea, the Strait of Dover and the English Channel 19 The UK is a monarchy: the head of the state is a king or a queen. In practice the Sovereign reigns, but it doesn’t rule: the UK is governed by the Government - a body of Ministers who are the leading members of the political party in power and who are responsible to Parliament. The present Sovereign is Queen Elizabeth II. Scotland is the land of mountains lost in clouds, wild moorlands, narrow valleys and plains, famous lochs and numerous islands off the coast. It is the land of Robert Bums, tar­ tans, bagpipes, porridge and Scotch whisky. One third of its people live in or near its capital, Edinburgh, and its great industrial center, Glasgow. The smallest of Britain’s countries is Wales. The larger part of Wales is covered with rocky mountains which are very difficult to climb Most of its inhabitants live in coastal plains, in the deep green valleys and in the coal-mining and industrial areas of South Wales. The heart of Britain is England. It is the richest, the most fertile and most populated of the country. The north and the west of England are mountainous, but all the rest of the terri­ tory is a vast plain. In north-west England there are many beautiful lakes with green, wooded or grassy shores and gray mountains all around. It is called Lake District. Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country. One of the leading industries in Great Britain is the textile industry. Coal, iron and steel, as well as various machines are also produced there. Shipbuilding and motor industry are highly developed too. There are many industrial cities in Britain such as Birmingham and Sheffield (with big iron and steel works), Manchester and Liverpool (the biggest centers of textile industry), Car­ diff and others. London, the capital city of the UK is one of the biggest commercial centers and ports of the world. It’s also an important political, cultural and educational center. Other educational centers in Great Britain are Oxford and Cambridge with the world famous oldest universities. The total population of Great Britain today is about 59 million people. The official language of the country is English, though in Wales people speak Welsh, which is different from English, while the Scottish dialect differs little from English. There are many other lan­ guages spoken in Britain, as it has become now a multinational state. Comprehension Check: 1. Answer the following questions and try to use as many details from the text as possible. You may also use additional relevant information. 1. What word does the author suggest to use to sum up the British character? Do you agree? Explain why or why not. 2. What can be said about the political system of the United Kingdom? 3. What part of Britain is described as “a land o f mountains, lost in clouds”? What is the name of the poet, who devoted many of his poems to this land? 4. Say a few words about each of Britain’s four parts. WTiich one do you find to be the most interesting and attractive? Explain your choice. 5. What are the most highly developed industries in the country? 6. What important industrial and cultural centers do you know in Great Britain? 7. What languages are spoken in different parts of the country? 2. Have a look at the following geographical names and try to remember what was said about them in the text. The Strait of Dover Manchester and Liverpool Lake District Birmingham and Sheffield the European continent Scotland Edinburgh Cambridge and Oxford Wales England London 20 3. A) Read the following short texts about the most popular games in Britain: Cricket developed in England over several centuries. As in soccer, there are numerous amateur clubs' and school teams. First class professional cricket clubs represent counties2 and play three-day matches against each other. Cricket is an English game. It is played little in Scotland and Ireland and there is only one first class club in Wales. However, it has become immensely5 popular throughout the Commonwealth. Test matches are played between Eng­ land, Australia, the West Indies, India, New Zealand, etc. In the late 1970s English Test cricketers began to earn "start'' salaries4. Cricketers also began to wear helmets5 and thick padding around their chests to protect them against blows from the ball. 1. amateur club клуб любителей крикета 2. county графство 3. immensely чрезвычайно, очень 4. salary оклад, зарплата 5. helmet шлем Football is the most popular team game in Britain. The British invented it and it has spread1 to every comer of the world. There is no British team. England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland compete2 separately in European and World Cup matches. The English and Welsh clubs have together formed a heague with four divisions . The Scottish League has three divisions. The champions of the English First Division and the Scottish Premier Divi­ sion qualify4 to play in the European Cup competition. 1. to spread распространяться 2. to compete соревноваться 3. division подразделение, группа 4. to qualify готовиться, определяться В) Make five sentences composed of one group of words from A and another from B. A В a) I have to play cricket at school 1. in an indoor pool. b) I swim 2. on my car radio. с) I listen to cricket commentaries 3. because it is compulsory. d) Many golfers belong 4. special ties and blazers. e) Members of clubs wear 5. to clubs. C) Finish the following sentences using information from the texts: 1. Cricket developed in England ... 2. First class professional cricket clubs represent... 3. Test matches in cricket are played ... 4. English Test cricketers began to earn ... and to wear ... 5. Football is ... in Britain. 6. The English and Welsh League has ..., and the Scottish League ... divisions. 4. Complete the following text with the correct derivatives of the words given in brackets. The first one has been done as an example. Britain’s railway network has 0 recently (recent) been experiencing a new kind of prob­ lem. It is neither technical nor 1_____ (mechanic), but could, nevertheless, lead to 2____ (injure) unless it receives immediate 3 (attend). It appears that rabbits have been digging their holes under railway tracks, which 4 (fortunate) means that the tracks are at risk of collapsing. The 5_____(soft) of the earth under the tracks makes it a 6______(suit) place for rabbits to dig their holes. Numerous areas have already experienced problems, causing delays to railway service. 21 5. Below please find a table, which contains information about one of the most mysterious monuments in the world — Stonehenge. Read the information given in the table and ar­ range it into the story about this unique place. Be ready to retell the story before the group. Location. Salisbury Plain, England Time of putting up: between 1800BC and 1400BC Composition: a double circle of stones with two more groups of stones out­ side the circles Weight: Single stones weigh 4 tons Possible ways of stone transportation: Sending on rivers or rolling on tree trunks Theories about the purpose of the stones: . . . 1) a place of worship (поклонение) of the sun 2) an observatory 3) some kind of ancient computer used to predict eclipses (затмения) of the sun and moon II. Listening and Speaking. The USA Active Vocabulary: attraction n привлекательность coast n побережье connect v связывать, соединять custom n обычай desert n пустыня endless a бесконечный exciting a захватывающий, волнующий feature n черта Grand Canyon Большой Каньон Great Lakes Великие Озера pot n горшок, котелок melting pot плавильный котел plain n равнина; pi. прерии rocky a скалистый save v спасать, сохранять scene n сцена, место действия size n размер skyscraper n небоскреб Language Practice: 1. Fill in the gaps in the text with the words given below. | seasons, Grand Canyon (2), tourist, long, plants, dry, animals, deep, years, size, forests The 1_____is one of America’s main 2_____ attractions. It is so big, that you must go there yourself to feel its true 3_____and beauty. The Colorado River formed the 4_____ over millions o f 3_____. Today the canyon is one mile 6_____and 277 miles 7_____ . It’s interest­ ing that there are different kinds of 8_____and 9______on opposite sides of the canyon. The south side is 10_____and desert country. The north side has tall 11_____ The canyon looks different at different times of day, and in different12_____and weather. 22 2. Put these words into the correct column of the chart. Complete the other columns for each word. exciting, attraction, rocky, deep, eastern, important, beauty, sunny, idea, metal noun I adjective opposite excitement j exciting boring 3. Match the English word combinations with their Russian equivalents. 1. rocky coasts а характерная (типичная) черта 2. an important waterway b. сухие безлюдные пустыни 3. to start a new life с. смесь различных национальностей 4. a typical feature d. скалистые берега 5. modern cities е. бесконечная зима 6. a mixture of different nationalities f важный водный путь 7. the seat of the government g современные города 8. dry empty deserts h. широкие равнины 9. endless winter i. местонахождение правительства 10 wide plains j. начинать новую жизнь 4. Listen to the text and be ready for comprehension check-up. The United States o f America The United States of America is a federal union of 50 states, with the District of Co­ lumbia as the seat of the national government. Two of these states, Alaska (the largest) and Hawaii (the smallest), are not connected to the other states. The US is washed by the Pacific Ocean in the west, by the Atlantic Ocean in the east, by the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico in the south. In the north are Great Lakes. The US has almost every kind of weather. Also, it has many kinds of land - rocky coasts, dry empty deserts, powerful rivers, wide plains, lakes of all sizes, high mountains, for­ ests, sunny beaches and lands of endless winter. More than 250 million people live in the US. Americans have tried to save many of the most beautiful wild areas of the United States. There are a lot of parks, forests and wildlands where you can enjoy the beauty and power of wild America. The Grand Canyon, Yosemite Valley and Yellowstone are among the most famous. Many rivers cross the United States. But the greatest is the Mississippi. Native Ameri­ cans called it ‘the father of waters’. The Mississippi has been an important waterway since early times, when native Americans traveled on the river in canoes. Among the other big riv­ ers are the Colorado and the Missouri. The United States is a young country. Its written history is only a few hundred years old. It is sometimes, in fact, called the ‘New World’. Over the last four hundred years millions of people have come to start a new life in this ‘New World’. Americans are not afraid of new ideas. A typical feature of American scene is the sky­ scraper with more than 100 floors. The Sears Tower in Chicago, Illinois is the tallest. Ameri­ cans have also put the first man on the Moon. They like to be modem They like exciting modern cities, new houses and new cars. In fact, it’s a nation on wheels. The people o f the United States are a mixture of many different nationalities. Every American schoolchild learns that the US is the big ‘melting pot’ of countries. In a melting pot, different metals are melted together to make a new one. The United States is like a melting pot for people. In the past people from different European countries came to the US and made one country out of many. In one city you can find people whose parents, grandparents or great-grandparents came from China, Africa, South America, Southeast Asia and every Euro­ pean country. These different people brought to their new land a wonderful mixture of cus­ 23 toms and traditions. The Germans brought Christmas trees. The Irish brought St. Patrick’s Day celebrations. The Scots brought Halloween. Comprehension Check: 1. Answer the following questions and try to nse as many details from the text as possible. You may also use additional information. 1. What can be said about the geographical position of the USA? 2. What is the population of the US? 3. Name the largest and the smallest states o f the country. How many names o f the Ameri­ can states do you remember? 4. What are the main rivers of the country? 5. Why is the US called the “New World”? 6. What is mentioned as the typical feature o f American scene? 7. Why is it often said that the USA is a melting pot for people? Do you agree with it? 2. All these abbreviations are connected with the United States. Match each abbreviation with its decoding. What does it mean in Russian? Try to give the most precise translation. 1. DC a. Federal Bureau of Investigation 2. NYC b. Los Angeles 3. CIA c. United States Department of Agriculture 4. FBI d. National Aeronautics and Space Administration 5. NASA e. New York City 6. LA f. North Atlantic Treaty Organization 7. USDA g. District of Columbia 8. NATO h. Central Intelligence Agency 3. Look at the map and study the signs on the righ t Student A asks questions about raw materials or goods which are mined or produced in any of the states shown on the map. Student В answers the questions according to the information taken from the map. e.g. Example: A: Is wheat grown in Arizona? B: No, it isn’t. Wheat is grown in New Mexico. After a while change the roles. 24 4. Read the following extract Divide it into paragraphs and punctuate it America's greatest holiday - Independence Day - takes place on the 4th of July on this day Americans celebrate the day in 1776 when the American colonies declared themselves free from British rule preparations begin about a week before the actual day red white and blue flags are hung on the public buildings and banners are raised all over the town as every­ one waits anxiously for the big parade on the day of events spectators line the streets the thumping sound of drums can be heard as the marching band comes along first followed by boy scouts and girl scouts who march waving American flag police officers firefighters and local officials stride past while the crowd cheers enthusiastically 5. A. Nowadays many people want to leave countries where they were born and to emigrate abroad. Imagine that you are taking part in writing a leaflet for people who want to leave for the USA. Your task is to give useful information about this country. Think what points it’s necessary to include and which ones can be dropped out You can And the approximate plan below. - geographical position - climatic conditions - population - language - nationalities living in the country - characteristic features B. What is your point of view on immigration/emigration? Do you think a person can feel at home in any other place except his/her home country? What are the general immigra­ tion trends in the modern world? Which country seems to be the most attractive one for the immigrants? Why? Which is the most difficult thing to get used to in a new country for you? Share your opinion. Note: emigrate v - to remove from one country or state to another for the purpose of resi­ dence; immigrate v - to come into a country for pemianent residence. The following expressions will help you to arrange your thoughts: My point of view is ... I mean... I’m afraid I don’t have enough information about... I ’m sure... Frankly speaking... If I am not mistaken... As far as ... is concerned... 25 III. Conversation Practice. Cities o f the World Active Vocabulary: Admiralty blend n dome n downtown n dump v explore v faint-heart n faint-hearted a not for the faint-hearted head v Home Office impose v perfect a preserve v raven n reflect v royal a site n tax л Treasury William the Conqueror Адмиратгейство, морское министерство смесь купол центр города сбрасывать исследовать, изучить трус, малодушный человек трусливый, малодушный не для слабонервных направляться министерство внутренних дел облагать (налогом) идеальный сохранить ворон отражать королевский место налог министерств финансов Вильгельм Завоеватель Language Practice: 1. Which of the words below can you use to describe: a) the buildings and architecture of a town? ___________________________ b) the atmosphere of a town? ____________________________ skyscraper, noisy, romantic, bridge, concrete, picturesque, cathedral, lively, fountain, excit­ ing, square, old-fashioned, sophisticated, baroque, modem, busy, dirty, palace, sleepy, sky­ line, dangerous, industrial, wealthy, vertical, suburb, low, cosmopolitan, gothic, town hall, tall, tower, glass, big, block, hustle-and-bustle. 2. Find an odd word. 1. bear, deer, raven, squirrel, bison; 2. the City, Downtown, Westminster, the West End, the East End; 3. dull, boring, gloomy, perfect, dirty; 4. Boston, the Thames, London, Scotland, Cambridge; 5. Fortress, palace, castle, cathedral, skyscraper; 6. The Home Office, Treasury, the War Office, the post-office, the Admiralty. 26 3. Read the following sentences about Great Britain and the USA and translate the words in brackets. You may find all the words in active vocabulary list. 1. The city of Oxford is home to the most famous university in the world. It is a 1_____ (идеальное) place to study and it is among the finest in Europe. 2. Warwick is a 2_____(место) where the famous castle stands above the waters of the River Avon. 3. If you are 3_____(направляетесь) to the Tower of London, you will certainly see the (ворон) which are among its most famous sights.black4 In some American cities past and present come together and make a 5_____(смесь), that's hard to find anywhere in the Old World. You can 6____ (изучить) a huge skyscraper in Downtown San Francisco and see the re­ flection of an ancient church in its glass walls. 4. Read the dialogues and be ready for comprehension check-up Introduction: During the years of study at Sorbonne University in Paris Michael Cox and Matthew Bndges became real friends. After their third year at the university they decided to visit each other’s home city. Below you will find two extracts from their conversations. They will give you some information about the most famous sights of London and Boston. 1. London, Great Britain Michael: ... In 5 minutes we will be in the city, Matt. I think this is a perfect place to start our tour round London. Matthew: I just can’t get used that you are driving on the left. Michael: That’s why I will be your driver today. Matthew: OK, I’ll do the same when you are in Boston in two weeks’ time. Michael: Deal. You probably know that there are four parts in London: the City, Westminster, the West End and the East End. The City, in which we are now, is small in area but it’s the commercial heart of London. The Tower and St.Paul’s Cathedral are situated there. Matthew: The Tower? I thought it is a bridge. Michael: Oh yes. we have a Tower Bridge across the Thames. It opens in the middle to let the big ships pass. But the Tower is a strong fortress not far from it. A thousand years ago William the Conqueror decided to build it in order to protect the city of London. The Tower has been used as a royal palace, an observatory, an arsenal, a state prison. Now it’s a museum. It is also famous for its black ravens, special people take care of them. Matthew: What is so special about these ravens? Michael: They have been in the Tower for a very long time. Stories say, that when they leave, it will be the end of the Tower and the end of Britain. But this will never happen, because the ravens in the Tower cannot fly. In the past people believed that the souls of those, who died in the Tower went into the ravens. Matthew: This is really exciting! Oh, I see St.Paul’s Cathedral! Michael: Yes, you are right. It stands on the site of Saxon and Norman churches which were destroyed in the Great Fire. It was built in 1710 by Sir Christopher Wren. Now we are entering Westminster. See that building? These are the Houses of Parliament with its two towers and a very big clock called Big Ben. Matthew: I even see the flag over the building. Does it mean that the Parliament is on session? 27 Michael: Matthew: Michael: Matthew: Michael: Michael: Matthew: Michael: Matthew: Michael: Matthew: Michael: Matthew: Michael: Matthew: Exactly. You really know much about our customs, don’t you? We are heading to Trafalgar Square now, it’s not far from here. We are going there along Whitehall. The British Government itself is often called a Whitehall. You can see the Home Office, Treasury, the War Office, and the Admiralty. Opposite the Home Office there is the Cenotaph, a monument put up in 1920 in memory of the British people killed in the First World War. Here is Trafalgar Square. In the center of it you can see a great monument with a statue of Admiral Nelson at the top. At the foot of the monument there are four great lions, which are the symbol o f the power of the British Empire. You may also see the building of the National Gallery here. London is famous for its museums: the Portrait Gallery, the Tate Gallery and of course the British Museum which is known all over the world. Oh, I see the National Gallery on the left. Yes, I remember that you wanted to visit it and the British Museum. Do you feel like going right now? That’s a very good idea. I have always wanted to see its wonderful collection of paintings. Very well, and after it we’ll go to the West End for lunch... 2. Boston. Massachusetts, the USA. (Two weeks later) Driving in Boston is definitely not for the fainthearted. I’d better pack my walking shoes... Don’t worry. I got used to such traffic. Besides, you will have a chance to explore Boston on foot. Whether your interests run to history, art, architecture, nature or science, Boston offers it all. It’s a city among the oldest in the US. It has not only preserved many ancient buildings and sites, it has also created walking tours that make it easy and interesting to visit the places that bring the US history to life. What place have you chosen as a starting point for our tour? Commonwealth Avenue. It’s one of the most important in the city. On the left you may see the buildings of Boston University and its numerous Colleges. I used to study French there. Now we are turning right and get into Newbury Street. Trinity Church here is the oldest in the city. It’s unbelievable! Look how magnificently the old brick building of the church is reflected in the glass of the skyscrapers! You know, sometimes it seems to me that in this city past and present come together and make a blend that’s hard to find anywhere else. Now we’re going to King’s Chapel. It was the first Anglican church in Boston. Straight ahead you may see Boston Common. Boston Common? What is that? This is a green park in Downtown Boston. It is surrounded by the skyscrapers and it’s a favourite place of rest for most Bostonians. On the west side of this park an Old City Hall is situated. You may see its shining dome from here. Hey Michael, do you remember anything about Boston Tea Party? Not much, I am afraid. Bostonians, dressed as Indians, dumped British tea from the ships into the harbour. They protested against the taxes imposed by the King of England. You know the basic facts. Would you like to see the place where it all happened? We have Boston Tea Party Ship and Museum where you can learn more about this event. 28 Michael: I’d love to. Can we do it right now? I see we are approaching the harbour. Is it somewhere near? ... Comprehension Check: 1. Answer the following questions: A. 1. Why wasn’t Matthew driving a car in London and Michael was a driver during his stay in the city? 2. How many parts are there in London? Name them all please. 3. The history of what place of interest is connected with William the Conqueror? 4. Why are the black ravens treasured so much in the Tower of London? 5. What can the name ‘Whitehall’ denote? 6. What monument is situated in Trafalgar Square? Are there any other famous buildings around it? B. 1. Of what state is Boston the capital? 2. Why is Boston’s atmosphere described as “a blend that’s hard to find anywhere else”? 3. What is Boston Common? What is situated on the west side of it? 4. What happened during Boston Tea Party? Where in the city can you learn more about this event? 2. Complete the sentences with the information from the dialogues. A. 1. The City is________. Here are situated such famous sights as . 2. The Tower of London, built by William the Conqueror, has been used a s_____. Now it’s a___ 3. ____ stands on the site of Saxon and Norman churches. It was built in _____by_____ . 4. When there’s a flag (Union Jack) over the Houses of Parliament, it means that_____. 5. If you go along Whitehall you may see_____, a monument put up in 1920 in memory of 1. Boston is a city among_____ . It has preserved_____ and walking tours in this city bring 2. ____ was the first Anglican church in Boston. 3. ____ is a favourite place of rest for all Bostonians. From there one can see the shining dome of_____. 4. ____ stands in Boston harbour and there one can leam more about_____ . 3. Error correction. Read the text below and look carefully at each line. Some of the lines are correct and some have a word that should not be there. If a line is correct, put a (S ) at the end of i t If there is a word that should not be there, write it at the end of the line. There are two examples at the beginning (0 and 00) 0 The Los Angeles is well known for both the high the 00 level of its air pollution and the efforts made to control 1 it. However, the “City of Angels” is not neither 2 unique nor the worst one example of a polluted 3 city. Tokyo has such a serious air pollution 29 4 problem that oxygen masks are been supplied to 5 policemen who they direct traffic on busy roads. Milan, 6 Ankara, Mexico City and Buenos Aires face 7 their similar problems. The task of cleaning up 8 air pollution, though yet difficult, is not 9 impossible. Use of fuels that are low in 10 pollutants and a change to very less polluting 11 forms of power generation are methods 12 currently being in used. The example 13 of London, as well as to other cities, 14 has shown that major improvements in 15 air quality can be achieved in ten years or less. 4. You have listened to the dialogues between two young people, Matthew and Michael. They have arranged for each other a tour around their home cities. You have to do the same. Below please find information about four capital cities famous all over the world for their architecture, rich culture and long history. You may choose any of them as your home city, while your groupmate will be your guest, whom you are taking on a sightseeing tour round this city. Read the information given and make up a dialogue. City PRAGUE BUDAPEST Country Czech Republic Hungary Population over one million over 20% of all Hungarians Location built on 7 hills of the bank of the River Vltava Until 1873 - two separate cities - Buda and Pest on two sides of the river Danube City sights 15 bridges across the river (the most famous - Charles Bridge, which joins Prague Castle and Old Town); Town Hall with 15th century astronomical clock; St. Vitus Cathedral (resembles Notre Dame in Paris); - many beautiful medieval buildings and statues. - Castle Hill (old part of the city) and Royal Palace (many museums); the Parliament, completed in 1902, resembles the Houses of Par­ liament in London; - the national Museum with a wonderful collection of treasures; - Roman spa baths, still function, unusual architecture. Places to enjoy 20 theatres; - many old pubs, wine bars and restaurants. - 30 spa baths and swimming pools; - Margaret island with outdoor theatre. City PARIS ROME Country France Italy Population Location on the banks of the river Seine built on 7 hills on the river Tiber City sights - the Eiffel Tower, city symbol; - Notre Dame Cathedral, 12* century, built on an island; - the Louvre, royal palace for 300 years, now a museum; - Pompidou Center, museum of 20th century art; - Montmartre, where many fa- - the Forum - complex of ruined buildings, the center of power in classical Rome; the Colosseum - a huge arena built in the 1st century, used as a place for gladiator fights; - the Vatican; the Spanish Steps, 18th century, 30 mous artists worked and lived, many art galleries and shops. very wide, in spring covered with flowers. Places to enjoy - French cuisine is delicious; - wines from the south of France. Italian cafes and restaurants offer excellent pasta, pizza and ex- spresso. IV. Reading and Writing. Australia Active Vocabulary: commonwealth n содружество; государство convict n осужденный; каторжник desert n пустыня harbour и гавань huge a огромный income n доход lucky а удачливый, приносящий счастье mild a мягкий mining n горное дело mysterious a таинственный origin л происхождение platypus n утконос rangen ряд; сфера; пределы settler n поселенец source n источник temperate a умеренный Language Practice: 1. Complete the crossword. Some of the words may be found in active vocabulary list Across: Down: 1. the capital of Australia; 2. Australian mammal which lays eggs; 3. place where something starts or come 4. another name for Australia; from (е.к. of income); 7. a group of states; official name of Aus­ 5. having good fortune, success; tralia; 6. very dry, usually sandy place; 10. port where ships can tie up to load or 8. very large, enormous; unload; 9. Australian animal, carries its young in a 11. Australia's biggest city. bag; 12.action of extracting minerals. 31 1. Make up sentences from the two parts given in columns A and B. A В 1. The first European settlers a a wide range of climates from the tropical 2. Desert occupies two thirds rainforests to the mild temperate climate 3. Australia is a huge country and has b. and they talk to their teacher by radio. 4. Some of Australia’s sheep stations c. is a place where the souls o f the dead people 5. Mining is definitely live. 6. Local aborigenes believe that the d. were convicts sent to Australia from British mysterious Ayers Rock prisons. 7. Many people in Australia live e. one of the most important sources of income hundreds of miles away from the for Australia. nearest school or hospital, children f. of the whole territory of the country. study at home g- are larger than some countries. 3. What do you know about Australia? a) Write down everything that you know about Australia. b) Compare your ideas with your partner's. c) Read the text and check your ideas. Oz There are many names for Australia - Oz, Down Under, and the official name, the Commonwealth of Australia. But the name that the Australians like is the ‘Lucky country’. It probably didn’t seem very lucky to the first European settlers. They were convicts who had been transported from Britain But after gold was discovered in the 1850s, thousands of free settlers left the cold, dark industrial towns of Britain to find their place under the sun. Australia has a population of about 16,5 million people. In a country of over seven and a half square kilometers - the sixth largest in the world - this is a very small population. At least three cities in the world have larger populations than the whole of Australia. Over 80 per cent of Australia’s population is of British origin. This can be seen in many aspects of Australian life. English is the national language, cricket is the national game, and they drive on the left. Many older Australians still call Britain ‘the Mother Country’ However, in recent years many immigrants have come from other European countries such as Italy, Greece and Poland, or from Asian countries. Young people see Australia as their ‘Mother Country’. Australia is a huge country and has a wide range of climates from the tropical rainforests to the mild temperate climate About two thirds of the country is desert or semi desert. As a result most o f the central and western parts of Australia are uninhabited or inhabited only by sheep. Australia has ten times as many sheep as people and it’s the world’s largest producer of wool. Over half the population lives in the south-east comer of the country between the two state capitals of Sydney and Melbourne. Sydney, with its beautiful harbour, bridge and opera house, is the largest city, with 3,5 million inhabitants, but it isn’t the capital. Australia is a federal state and, like the United States of America, it has a separate city - Canberra - which isn’t in any of the states them­ selves. The Commonwealth of Australia consists of five states and two territories. The Head of Government is the Prime Minister, but the head of State is still the British monarch. Mining industry and agriculture are Australia’s most important sources of income. More recently, tourism has become important, too. Tourists come to enjoy Australia’s warm cli­ mate, to see the unique animals, such as the kangaroo, the koala and the platypus, and to see beautiful natural features like the Great Barrier Reef and the mysterious Ayers Rock. Comprehension Check: 1, A. Complete the table, fill in all information from the text. Official name Area Population Language Currency Largest city Capital city Political structure Head of Government Head of State Main sources of income B. Find these things in the text four things that show the British origin of the population - three things that tourists might see in Sydney three things that tourists might see outside Sydney 2. Fill in the gaps in the text using the words and word combinations from the box. several birds, for thousands of years, national symbol, emblem, New Zealand eagle, are dis- __________________________ appearing, bird, extinction___________________________ The shy, flightless kiwi, which is New Zealand’s 1________ , is heading gradually to­ wards 2 This year all three species of kiwi will go on the endangered species list. Kiwis3_______ quickly form the forests where they have lived 4_________ Dogs, cats and Australian possums are rapidly reducing the number of this discreet, nocturnal5________ . In the past there were probably millions of kiwis in the vast forests Their only predator was 6_______, which itself became extinct thousands of years ago. Zoos in New Zealand have 7_______and these are the only ones which humans are ever likely to see. It would be extremely unfortunate if the national8________of the country went the same way as its great eagle 33 3. Match the formal expressions in column A with the informal ones in column B. Then say in which kind of letter they can be used. A (formal) В (informal) 1. I am writing to apologize for ... a. I’m writing to invite you ... 2. Should you need any assistance... b. I am writing to let you know th a t... 3. I am writing to inquire about... c. If you need anything, I’d be happy to ... 4. You are invited to attend ... d. Send me your advice soon. 5. I wish to thank you for ... e. I am writing to say how sorry I am... 6. I look forward to receiving your f. Thanks so much for ... advice ... g- Can you send me some information about... 7. I am writing to inform you about _ letter o f request; - letter asking for advice; - letter of invitation; - letter expressing thanks; - letter giving information; letter accepting (refusing to accept) an invitation. 4. Writing informal letters. You have recently got back from a holiday. This time you have spent one month in Austra­ lia. You decide to write back to yonr friend who wrote to you some time ago. Apologise for the delay in replying and tell him/her about your holiday using information from the text above. Your letter should follow this order: apologise for not writing sooner and explain why; say where you went on holiday and who with; say why you enjoyed/didnt enjoy your holiday and describe any special things you did and places you visited; say when you hope to see or contact your friend. 34 Unit 3, Higher Education I. Reading and Speaking. Higher Education in Belarus Active Vocabulary: account n take into account admit v advanced a approve v approximately adv attend v census n competitive a complete v compulsory a department n despite prep employ v excellence n lyceum n profound a school n trade school vocational school undergo v Language Practice: 1. Guess the words enciphered in column A and find their definition in column B. All the words are taken from active vocabulary list. А В 1. С + 9 letters a. a higher school 2. Р + 7 letters b. roughly, not precisely 3. L + 5 letters c. to suffer, to experience 4. А+ 12 letters d. which you are forced to do 5. U + 6 letters e. to be present 6. Т + 4 letters f. extended, deep, complete 7. А + 5 letters g. business, buying and selling 2. Read the following sentences and match each phrasal verb in italics to a meaning below. 1 Please, speak up\ We can’t hear you at the back. 2. If you don’t know what it means, look it up in a dictionary. счет, расчет; мнение, оценка принимать во внимание принимать продвинутый, повышенного типа одобрять, утверждать примерно, приблизительно посещать перепись конкурсный завершать обязательный отделение, отдел несмотря на нанимать на работу выдающееся качество лицей глубокий, полный школа; направление (в науке, искусстве) профессиональное училище профессионально-техническое училище подвергаться 35 3. Why do you always pick on me? 4. Paul is having problems keeping tip with the other children in his class. 5. You need to try and get across your ideas better. 6. He catches on very quickly. You never have to explain anything twice. 7. I’ll let you o ff this time, but I don’t want to catch you two fighting again. 8. He can’t work out how to do this maths problem. 9. He picked up a lot o f Italian by just chatting to people in cafes. a. learn f. talk more loudly b. not punish g- find information in a reference book c. understand h. communicate d. treat badly i. maintain the same level e. calculate 3. Read the following passage and translate into English the words in brackets. With the democratization of the society the educational system 1_____(подверглась) substantial changes. There appeared new forms of schools for general and specialized secon­ dary 2_____(образование): classic, 3_____ (лицей), experimental and college. The 4_____ (высшего образования) system consists of 39 public educational institutions, the 5 (академии) of Management under the President of Belarus, and 20 non - governmental insti­ tutions. The total number of students who 6_____(посещают) all education systems is 7__ (примерно) 2 million 6 600 pupils and students. In the post-war time Belarus has suc­ ceeded in the development of science too. Before dissolution of the Soviet Union, numerous 8__ (исследовательские) institutions and design bureaus developed about 100 - 140 new types of machines, equipment and instruments. It is necessary 9_____(принять во внимание) that there are 298 research institutes and organizations which employ 43 100 scientific work­ ers, among which 8,500 are also involved in teaching. Some 10_____(исследовательские) institutions are part o f the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Belarus, the other 11____ (отделения) operate under higher education institutions. 4. Read the text and be ready for comprehension check-up. Higher Education in Belarus Secondary education is compulsory in Belarus. Children start school at the age of 6 and finish at 17. As a rule, a child attends the school located in the neighbourhood, the one that is closest to home. However, there are numerous schools offering more in-depth studies of the major European languages (English, French or German) or advanced courses in physics and mathematics. After the 9th grade students are given a choice of either continuing their studies at the same school (grades 10 and 11) or entering a vocational school or trade school. Both voca­ tional and trade schools are meant to provide the certificate o f secondary education with a number of useful skills (e.g. those of an electrician, technician or computer operator). Stu­ dents attend such schools for the period from two to four years. Having completed the secondary education one can become part of work force or enter an institution of higher learning. There are universities and so-called “institutes” in Belarus. The former stress a more theoretical, fundamental approach to education, while the latter are more practice oriented. Belarus is a country with a wide network of higher, secondary and specialized secon­ dary education establishments as well as scientific and research institutions. This allowed the Republic to create its scientific and intellectual potential. According to a census of 1989, 899 of every thousand of people employed in the national economy have complete higher or spe- sialized secondary education. Despite economic difficulties, the number of pupils and stu- 36 dents involved in general education schools, vocational training schools, specialized secon­ dary and higher education establishments has practically not changed in recent years There are no medical schools or departments in the structure of Belarusian universities. Future doctors attend medical institutes. Students spend approximately five years in the uni­ versity and six years in a medical institute To be admitted to an institution of higher learning, one has to pass a series of oral and written tests. Grades in the certificate of secondary education are also taken into account. En­ try to higher education is quite competitive. Some departments (philologist, foreign lan­ guages, law, journalism and computer sciences) have dozens of applicants for one prospective student’s position. The same is true of medical and theatre institutes. Up to the present neither schoolchildren nor students have had any choice in the selec­ tion of courses they had to take. Everyone has studied according to the uniform series of guide lines approved by the Ministry of Education. However, the situation may change in the near future Education in Belarus has recently been free on all levels. All institutions of higher learning were subsidized by the government. Now the country is changing to a market economy, the system of education also underwent profound changes. The first private schools, gymnasiums and lycees have been founded in Minsk and other cities in attempt to revive pre-1917 traditions of Belarusian educational system with its high standards of excellence. Comprehension Check: 1. Complete the following sentences using the necessary information from the text. - 1 Usually a child goes to school located_____However there are numerous______. 2. After the 9th grade young people are given a choice:_____. 3. After completing the secondary education one can continue to _____. 4. As a rule, students study approximately_____ 5. In order to enter an institution of higher learning one has t o _____ Such departments as ____ have many applicants for one prospective student's position. 6. ____ allowed Belarus to create its scientific and intellectual potential. 7 Though there are obvious economic difficulties,_____has practically not changed in re­ cent years. 2. Match the idioms with their definitions. 1. learn by heart a. there is always something you have not experienced before, 2. learn one’s lesson b. learn something after making a mistake; 3. learn the hard way с memorize something; 4. you are never too old to d. learn something (unpleasant) by experiencing it; learn 5. read somebody like a book e. read with great concentration; 6. have one’s nose in a book f. understand somebody’s thoughts and ideas clearly. 3. Think about the schools you have been to in the past and the institution of higher learn­ ing you currently study in and discuss the following questions: 1 How did you feel about going to school? Did you enjoy it? Do you have a different feeiing being a student? 37 2. What would you have changed about your school in order to make it better? Should the same changes be introduced into the system of higher education? 3. Do you think it is better to have single - sex or mixed educational establishments? 4. Was your school strict? Did the situation change in the institution of higher learning? 5. Did you play any sports/musical instruments at school? What sporting facilities do you use being a student? 6. Did you have any subjects/teachers you especially liked/disliked? Do you have such subject/teachers now? 4. You bave received an e-mail letter from your American friend. You came to know him/her when you took part in the exchange program between your school and a college in New Haven, Connecticut. It was in the 9 form. Now he/she is a student of the University of Illinois situated in Chicago and you study in _____in Minsk (choose any institution of higher learning). Your friend wrote about the system of higher education in the USA. Now you have to write back and give an outline of the system of higher education in Belarus. Use the information given in the text and the plan given below to produce the necessary outline orally. say a few words about the secondary education; mention how many people have complete higher or spesialized secondary education; what is the situation with medical schools; what is needed to enter the institution of higher learning; what changes were introduced into the system in the recent years; give some information about the institution you study in; what is your basic program, special courses, field of specialization. II. Listening and Speaking. Higher Education in Great Britain Active Vocabulary: aeronautics n аэронавтика afford v позволять approach n подход autonomous a автономный, независимый bachelor n бакалавр degreen степень essay n очерк fortnight n две недели grant v субсидия, дотация;грант law n право; юриспруденция refer v ссылаться; относиться (к чему-либо) regulation n правило, предписание require v нуждаться, иметь надобность roughly adv грубо; примерно science n наука natural sciences естественные науки submission n передача, представление theology n теология 38 Language Practice: 1. Find an odd word. 1. astronaut, spaceship, galaxy, aeronautics, ship; 2. bachelor, undergraduate, master, doctor of Philosophy; 3. degree, law and order, judge, jury, sentence; 4. novel, essay, poem, article, story; 5. fortnight, midnight, week, month, year. 2. Fill in the gaps in the following sentences with the words in the box. | playground, truant, cheat, heart, correct, term, board, give, absent, hard, degree, break, univer- |____________________________ sity, headmaster, report_____________________________ 1. Our teachers 1 our homework in the evening and2_______ it out next day. 2. My brother tried to _____ in the exam, but he was caught and sent to the 4_______. 3. I like to play football in the _____ with my friends during the lunch 6 4. She got a very good school7______because she worked so 8________ th is4 5. I’d like to go to 10_______when I finish school and do a 11_______ in Economics. 6. The teacher wrote the rules on the 12_______and told us to learn them by 13_______ . 7. Were you 14______ 1 for a good reason yesterday or were you playing 15_______? 3. Translate the following sentences into English. You can find the underlined words in the active vocabulary list. 1. Университеты Оксфорда. Кембриджа и Лондона являются ведущими учебными за­ ведениями Британии. Но не каждый может себе позволить учиться там. Для обу­ чения в престижном университете требуется большая сумма денег. Однако суще­ ствует реальная возможность получить грант. 2. Университеты предлагают как теоретический, так и практический подход к изуче­ нию различных предметов. 3. Каждый университет состоит из ряда колледжей: медицины, права, музыки, естественных наук, теологии, экономики и др. 4. Университет - это в принципе автономная структура, которая имеет свои собственные правила. 5. Как правило, выпускники большинства университетов получают степень бакалавра. 4. Fill in the correct word or word combination from the box below. . nursery, graduate, kindergarten, post-graduate, private school, state school, primary school, __________________________________ secondary___________________________________ In Britain, some children start their education by going to a 1_____or 2_____ school when they are 2 or 3 years old. They must go to school from the age of 5, when they usually enter the _____system by attending 4_____ untill they are 11 years old. Then they go on to a 5____ school, which they can leave when they reach 16. Before leaving, students sit their GCSE examinations in 8 or 9 subjects. If they want to go on to study at university, they stay at school for 2 more years and then do А-level examinations in 3 or 4 subjects. Some parents decide to pay for their children and send them to a 6 At university a student studies for his degree for 3 or 4 years and, if successful, he w ill7 with either a Bachelor of Arts or a Bachelor of Science degree. Finally, a student can choose to do a 8 course and study for a Master's degree or a Ph.D. (doctorate). 39 5. Listen to the text and be ready for comprehension check-up. Higher Education In Great Britain The structure of higher education in Great Britain is very complex. Five types of insti­ tutions - 45 universities, teachers’ training colleges, ten colleges of advanced technology, technical colleges and art colleges - are the main sources of full-time higher education. There is also a small number of specialized colleges such as the College of Aeronautics and the Na­ tional College of Agricultural Engineering. A university consists of a number of schools: theology, medicine, arts, philosophy, law, natural sciences, commerce, engineering and others. The universities grant their own degrees. The normal duration of a first-degree course is three years, at the end a bachelor degree is awarded on the results of examinations. B.A. or B.Sc. stands for Bachelor of Arts or Science. A master degree is usually awarded after a further year or two of study. M.A. or M.Sc. de­ notes Master of Arts or Master of Science. The highest degree is the doctor of Philosophy and it is awarded for research and the submission of a thesis. A person studying for a degree at a British university is called an undergraduate, the one who has taken a degree is called a graduate. In 1960 there were only 23 British universities. Today there are about 46, of which 35 arc in England, 8 in Scotland, 2 in Northern Ireland and 1 in Wales. They can be roughly di­ vided into three groups: Oxford and Cambridge: Scholars were studying in these ancient universities in the early thirteenth century. Since that time Oxford and Cambridge have continued to grow, but until the nineteenth century they were the only universities in England, and they offered no places to girls. The teaching is based on the tutorial system as well as lectures. Each student has a tutor, who requires him to write essays and papers on the subjects he is studying and gives them to him regularly, about once a fortnight, for correction and discussion. Oxford and Cambridge have a special role in England as seminaries of the ruling class. The child of rich parents goes from private preparatory school to public school, from which a road leads to uni­ versities, particularly Oxford and Cambridge. The cost o f education is so high, that not many can afford entering these universities. The redbrick universities: In this group are listed all universities founded between 1850 and 1930, including London University. They were based more on the mass lecture system than were Oxford and Cambridge. These universities were built generally in the middle of large industrial towns. They were called "redbrick" because that was the favourite building material of the time, but they are rarely referred to as "redbrick" today. The new universities: These were all founded after the Second World War. Some of them quickly became popular because of their modem approach to university courses. There’s no single body or organization responsible for the planning and development of higher education as a whole in Britain. Every university is autonomous and responsible only to its governing body. The regulations differ from university to university. Comprehension Check: 1. Answer the following questions. 1. What types of institutions of higher education in Great Britain can you name? 2. The university grants its own degree, doesn’t it? 3. What is the normal duration of a first-degree course? 4. What is B.A.? When is it awarded? 5. What is the difference between an undergraduate and a graduate? 6. What are the oldest universities of Great Britain? 7. What does the tutorial system mean? 40 8. Can everybody afford entering Oxford and Cambridge? What is the system of selection of students to these universities? 9. What universities have got their name from the material they were built from? Where are they usually situated? 2. Read the following text and choose the correct alternative in each case. I started school when I was five and went to the local nursery/primary school. I liked it very much. The classes/lessons were small and the teachers/professors were very friendly. At 11 I changed and went to the 6th form of college/secondary school. Things didn’t go so well there. I hated studying subjects/courses like biology and physics and got terrible points/marks in tests. My parents tried to teach/learn me things I didn’t understand, but it was no good. I used to get very worried about my end-of-year exams and one year I knew I wouldn’t pass'succeed In the end I was right - I failed/missed all the exams and had to remake/retake them all a few months later. That was the worst year of my school life, but it didn’t stop me from having a good course/career as an engineer 3. Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). fit health energy use similar child intelligent clever science calculate compete 4. Every year every university of Great Britain produces a booklet for its prospective stu­ dents. In this booklet the university gives information about its location, its history, programmes and courses taught, student life in and outside the campus and so on. As a rule personal opinions of undergraduate and graduate students who study at this univer­ sity are also included in the form of a short note. Imagine, that you study as an undergradu­ ate international student at Anglia Polytechnic University (APU for short). You will find some useful information about your alma mater below: - large, modern university located in Cambridge in the east o f England, one hour from London; - high quality academic programmes; - list of schools: International Business; Art and Design; Information and Communication Systems; Education; Health and Care Practice (Medicine); Languages and Social Sci­ ences; Law; Computer Science; Mathematics, Physics and Electronics; Environmental Sciences, Graduate School; - close community of staff and students; relations between staff and students are informal and friendly and students are encouraged to ask for advice; 41 Not fit, but smart In my family we don’t worry about afitness. I suppose, you could say I ’m rather 1________ . I only eat junk food and I never do any exercise. I’m not very2________and I am completely 3___________at sports. My two sisters are 4________ to me when it comes to leading active lives. Neither of them has played any kind of sport since 5________ . What they lack in sporting ability, they make up for in 6________ . They are two of the 7________people I know One of them works as a research 8________ and the other designs electronic equipment like9_______ and mobile phones. They have both done very well in what are very 10_______ professions. - around 5 ООО students, 20 % are international students; - academic staff are well-qualified and have the research experience or professional exper­ tise to provide the specialist teaching; - two main libraries, electronic library, Internet resources; - opportunities for the English language learning (the language centre); - you can use University accommodation or rent a room/flat in a private sector; sightseeing at weekends (London, easy access to European countries). Choose the school you want to study at and make up a story about what you like most of all at this school. You may follow this optional plan: - say a few words about the quality of teaching at your school; - mention some interesting courses taught; - what are the living conditions; - what are the facilities for self-study; - the ways of spending free time; - suggest prospective students to enter APU. 5. Just for fun. The letter: “Dear Dad, School i$ really great. I am making lot$ of friendS and Studying really hard. With all my Stuff, I Simply can’t think of anything I need, $o if you would like, you can ju$t Send me a card, a$ I would love to hear from you. Love, Your Son The reply: Dear Son, I kNOw that astroNOmy, ecoNOmics and oceaNOgraphy are eNOugh to keep even an hoNOr student busy. Do NOt forget that the pursuit of kNOwledge is a NOble task, and you can never study e NOugh. Love, Dad. III. Conversation Practice. Higher Education in the USA Active Vocabulary: acquire v adviser n allow v amount n apply v average v behalf r t : on behalf of belong v campus n co-education n commit v dormitory n приобретать советник, консультант позволять сумма, количество обращаться составлять в среднем от имени кого-либо.; в интересах кого-либо, принадлежать амер. территория университета, колледжа совместное обучение поручать; принимать обязательство общежитие 42 extension п insurance n medical insurance interconnected a horizon n to broaden horizons Ioann particular a research n scholarship n tuition n valuable a расширение, распространение страхование медицинская страховка связанный, соединенный горизонт расширять кругозор заём особенный, особый научное исследование стипендия обучение; плата за обучение ценный Language Practice: 1. Match the words in column A with their definitions in column B. Make up your own sen­ tences with these words. A В 1. scholarship a. instruction, teaching 2 .research b. the grounds of a school, college or university 3. tuition c. a grant awarded to a student 4. loan d. a school residence hall 5. campus e. to be the property or concern of 6. belong f. scientific investigation 7. dormitory g. a sum of money lent at interest 2. Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct space in the passage below: J seminar, degree, graduate, kindergarten, co-educational, tutorial, tuition, academic, lecture, j |_________________________ scholarship, compulsory, terms___________________________I When children are two or three years old, they sometimes go to a 1 where they learn simple games and songs. The 2_____year at schools usually begins in September and is divided into three 3_____. 4_____education begins at the age of about eleven, and most schools are 5_____, which means boys and girls study together in the same classes. As for university courses, they normally last three or four years and then students 6_____, which means they receive their 7_____. At university teaching is by 8_____ (an individual lesson between a teacher and one or two students), 9_____(a class o f students discussing a subject with a teacher),10_____(when a teacher gives a prepared talk to a number of students) and of course private study. Some people who receive a university place are given a 1'_____by the government to help pay their12_____and living expenses. 3. Explain the difference between. 1. to sit an exam and to set an exam 2. to take an exam and to pass an exam 3. compulsory and voluntary 4. to educate and to bring up 5. a pupil and a student 4. Fill in the gaps with the verbs to do, to make or to take. 1. an exercise; 5. a break; 43 2. __________an exam; 6 .__________ notes; 3. __________ an effort; 7 .__________ mistakes; 4. __________one’s best; 8. __________an assignment. 5. Read the dialogue and be ready for comprehension check-up. A Visit To The Massachusetts Institute o f Technology A group of students from the Belarusian National Technic University is visiting the Massachusetts Institute of Technology on the invitation of the Student Council of the Insti­ tute. Mr. Johnson, the foreign students’ advisor, is meeting the group at Logan International Airport (Boston). He comes to the group of young people. Alex: Excuse me, are you Mr. Johnson from MIT? Johnson: Quite right. And you are from Minsk, I guess. Alex: Yes. I’m Alexander Yegorov and these are my fellow -students. Johnson: Nice to meet you. Did you have a good flight? Alex: Thank you, it was OK. It’s so kind of you to meet us. Johnson: Come on, friends. The institute bus is waiting for us outside. First, we’ll go to the dormitory. You’ll leave your baggage there and register. Then the bus will take you to my office. Three hours later. Johnson: And now I’d like to tell you some words about MIT. It’s an independent co­ educational university committed to extension of knowledge through teaching and research. It dates back to 1861. It is organized into 5 academic schools. The Institute is located on the campus of 125 acres along the Charles River in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It faces the city of Boston. There are about 8 000 students and a teaching staff of 1 700. If you want to know any particular de­ tails, you are welcome. Alex: Will you please name the five academic schools of MIT? Johnson: Sure. They are Architecture and Planning, Engineering, Humanities and Social Science, Management and Science. Olga: There’s not only a teaching program in your Institute, is there? Johnson: Oh no. It includes both teaching and research programs most closely related to modern developments in engineering, science and math. Irene: What are the principles of teaching at your Institute? Johnson: The main principle is to allow each student to develop an individual program of study according to one’s own interests and preferences. Vadim: Speaking of the research program, who can take part in it? Johnson: That’s a good question. Any of the undergraduate and graduate students can participate in the whole range of research programs. Olga: On our way to your office we have seen several buildings. Do all of them be­ long to your Institute? Johnson: Sure they do. Most academic activities are brought together in a group of inter­ connected buildings designed to permit easy communication among classrooms and laboratories. Alex: Well, we’d like to thank you for the interesting information. I am convinced that visiting other countries is a great opportunity to broaden horizons and to acquire important experience. Thank you once again on behalf of the whole group. 44 Johnson: You are welcome any time. And I agree with you. Such visits help nations to understand each other. Next day. Mr. Johnson’s office. Johnson: Vadim: Alex: Johnson: Irene: Johnson: Olga: Johnson: Alex: Johnson: Vadim: Johnson: Olga: Johnson: Alex: Well, friends, what are your impressions of МГГ? It’s an exciting experience. By now it seems we know nearly everything about it. And how much do the students of МГГ pay for their studies here? The amount paid covers less than half the cost of teaching. How much do the students’ basic costs make up for an academic year? They are as follows: tuition - 4 000 USD, board and room - 1 500 USD, books and materials - 200 USD. To name a few. And what are the personal expenses and costs per academic year? Typical costs for transportation, laundry, recreation, medical insurance and personal necessities average about 1 000 USD per academic year. Are there any scholarships or loans at МГГ? Certainly. The Institute Financial Aid Department provides scholarships and loans on the basis of the financial need of students. Can any student apply for financial support? Basically, yes. The Student Financial Aid Department reviews applications and makes award from scholarship resources. Excuse me, but what do you mean by "loans"? Loan funds allow the students to pay the part of the cost o f their education on long-term credit under favourable financial terms. However, loan fund capital is limited. Thank you Mr. Johnson for your most valuable and helpful information... Comprehension Check: 1. Complete the questions with the suitable question words (who, what, how, when, where). Answer these questions. 1. _____was MIT founded?_____ is this educational institution organized? 2. _____is MIT located? 3. _____are the five academic schools of MIT? 4. _____is the main principle of teaching at the institute? 5. _____can apply for financial aid? 2. Reply to the questions below using the word combination "to be provided with". 1. How do you spend your free time? - . . . a number o f facilities in the campus. 2. Where do the students who are not Boston residents live? - . . . a hostel with all modem conveniences and comfort. 3. How do the students improve their knowledge in various subjects? -. . . a good library and free access to internet resources. 4. Where can the students practice tennis and other sports? - ... necessary sport equipment and courts, two stadiums and numerous sportsgrounds. 45 5. How can I learn how this device works? - . . . a manual. 3. Fill in the gaps with the correct preposition. 1. Only one pupil pu t_____her hand to answer the question. 2. I wasn’t paying attention_____what the teacher was saying so I couldn’t answer the question. 3. She studied for three years to get a degree_____biology. 4. Students should not be punished_________________________ making mistakes. 5. You have to be good_____science and maths if you want to be an astronomer. 6. “You have to multiply the number______ten to get the answer,” the teacher said. 7. John wrote an essay_____the effects_____ air pollution. 8. He bent down to pick_____the books he had dropped. 9. We had to learn the definitions of the words_____heart for the exam. 10. He looked at the information_____the computer screen to find the answer. 4. Imagine that you are a student from UCLA (University of California in Los Angeles) visiting your friends in Minsk. You have come to Minsk for 15 days and you want to know more about the country and the way future specialists are trained at BNTU (or any other institution of higher learning you like), what subjects they take and how the exams are passed. But your friends in Minsk are also very eager to know about students’ life in the USA and the way of studying at such prestigious university as UCLA. Get ready to make a short speech about your university. Below you will find a plan with some useful information. - say a few words about the system of higher education in the USA, mentioning the fact that it is not free and is not subsidized by government except for some grant programs; - UCLA was founded in 1919, today it is one of the leading universities in the world fa­ mous for education, community service and innovation; - currently 37,000 undergraduate and graduate students, students can choose from more than 100 major fields; - diversity of academic programs; - UCLA's mission is threefold: education, research, and service. IV. Reading and Writing. Belarusian National Technic University Active Vocabulary: access n attend v available a award v curriculum (pi. curricula) n degree n department n correspondence department environment n equip v facilities pi n mix n доступ,доступность посещать имеющийся в распоряжении, доступный награждать; вручать учебный план степень факультет, отдел заочное отделение окружающая обстановка оснащать; снабжать возможности; оборудование смесь 46 postgraduate n scholarship n term n term paper thesis n undergraduate n аспирант стипендия семестр курсовая работа диссертация студент Language Practice: 1. Find the appropriate continuation for the phrase in column A in column В and make up sentences. В 1. The words “ACCESS DENIED” 2. The term is coming to an end, 3. If you want to work and study, 4. All academic programs are designed to 5. After passing their final exams, a) ...it’s better to continue your education on the correspondence department. b) .. .students are awarded ordinary diplomas or diplomas with honors. c) .. .and he hasn’t completed his term paper yet. d ) .. .appeared on the screen once again. e) .. .equip students with the knowledge and skills they need to be successful in their fu­ ture careers. 2. Translate the following sentences into English. 1. БНТУ - одно из старейших высших учебных заведений в Беларуси. 2. Все 15 факультетов университета пользуются большой популярностью среди выпускников школ. 3. Большинство корпусов БНТУ расположены в центре города на проспекте Скорины, 65. Здесь также находятся некоторые студенческие общежития. 4. Лаборатории университета оснащены современными компьютерами и приборами, необходимыми для выполнения курсовых работ и написания диссертаций. 5. Учебный год разделен на два семестра. В конце каждого семестра студенты сдают экзамены. Если результаты хорошие - студенты получают стипендию. 3. Error correction. Read the text below and look carefully at each line. Some of the lines are correct and some have a word that should not be there. If a line is correct, put a (S) at the end of it. If there is a word that should not be there, write it at the end of the line. There are two examples at the beginning (0 and 00) Learning outside the classroom. 0 Apart from listening and speaking, reading for pleasure is a ✓ 00 very good way of improving at your vocabulary and knowledge at 1 of the grammar in any language. It’s fun, too. If you are 2 studying English, it makes up very good sense to try and 3 read an English books and newspapers as often as possible. 4 Magazines like as Newsweek are available in many parts of 5 the world and so they are some newspapers from the United 6 States, Britain and other English-speaking countries. An 7 example of an American newspaper that you can often to get 8 in other parts of the world is the New World Herald Tribune. 47 9 I It has articles on travel, business, sport and all the 10 1 latest news from around the world. So if you are visiting in 11 a city such as Athens or Madrid, have a look at the 12 news stands to see if there are anv English language 13 newspapers available You might be get pleasantly surprised. 14 Thev mav be a bit of expensive, but you’ll find that they 15 Are being well worth the money that you spend. j 4. Read the text and be ready for comprehension check-up. Belarusian National Technic University Belarusian National Technic University is one of the oldest and biggest educational in­ stitutions in our republic It was founded in 1920 It’s famous for its high quality academic programs and a stimulating learning environment. BNTU includes 15 departments and trains specialists for different fields of science and technology. Many young people from our country and abroad enter BNTU to become me­ chanical engineers, architects, programmers, economists, building engineers, electrical engi­ neers and etc. There are around 21 000 students who make a mix of undergraduate and post­ graduate students studying mainly full - time. Many of them are also professionals who attend courses in the evening after work. There are full - time, part - time and correspondence departments at the university. Full - time course lasts five years as a rule. Part - time and correspondence courses are longer. The curricula however do not differ greatly in the subject taught The difference is in the sys­ tem in which the studies are organized. The academic year is divided into two terms. At the end of each term students take exams If the results are good, students get scholarship. BNTU offers a full range of undergraduate, postgraduate and research degrees. It gives you the best opportunities to achieve your ambitions All academic programs are designed to equip students with the knowledge, skills and understanding they need for their personal de­ velopment and to be successful in their future careers. The teaching process is based on lectures, practical classes, seminars, lab works. Full - time students usually have three or four classes a day. They also have term papers to write. On completion of studies students present their graduation thesis. After passing their finals, students are awarded ordinary diplomas or diplomas with honors. Standard of teaching is very high. Many lecturers of the university have a degree of Doctor or Candidate of Science There are good facilities to study and to rest at the university. Well - equipped laborato­ ries, computer classes are available both for teaching and for personal use There is a large library and several reading halls at BNTU Books on all specialities are on open access there. All the students are encouraged to develop the skills of independent studies and to make full use of the facilities of the academy. For those who are fond of sports there are several sport grounds, a swimming pool, a football field and different sport sections. Graduates of BNTU work at factories, construction sites, power plants, design bureaus and research institutes. The best students who have done some research work become post­ graduates Comprehension Check: 1. Answer the following questions. 1 When was BNTU founded? How many departments are there? Name as many of them as you can. 48 2. How long do foll-time and correspondence courses last? 3. What is the structure of the academic year? 4. What courses are offered by BNTU to achieve students’ ambitions? 5. What does the teaching process consist of? 6. What university facilities are mentioned in the text? 7. Where can the graduates of BNTU work after completing their education? 2. Complete the crossword. TTT D U Across: 2. when you study a foreign language, you go through these levels: elemen­ tary, intermediate and ... 4. an academic year consists of two ... 6. what do you get on the exam? 7. educational institution of higher learning 10. a prepared talk given by a teacher to a number of students Down: 1. a place where students from other cit­ ies and countries live 3. money paid to students 5. not to pass an exam 8. a sum of money lent at interest 9. scientific investigation 3. A. Put the following ways of agreeing and disagreeing in order from strong agreement to strong disagreement. Decide which two are similar in strength. a) I don’t really agree. b) I completely agree. c) I agree up to the point, but. d) I couldn’t agree more. e) I don’t agree at all. f) That’s right B. Work in a group with other students and discuss whether you agree or disagree with the following statements. Give reasons. a) Exams are not an accurate measure of person’s ability. b) A mixture of exams and coursework is a good idea. c) You should repeat a school year if you failed your exams. d) You should be told the questions a little before you go into the exam. e) Exams should involve a written and an oral part 49 4. Writing an article. An international young people’s magazine is investigating the ques­ tion: Should students only be judged by their results in the end-of-year exams? Write a short article for the magazine on this topic, based on your personal experience. Below you will And a sample answer to this question written by a British student You may use some of his ideas and word combinations in your article as well. ... more and more in my country, student achievement is being based on a mixture of continuous assessment and end-of-year exams. Some people claim, that this is leading to lower standards in schools, but I don’t believe this is true In my opinion, it is much fairer to allow the work students do during their school year to count towards their final results for various reasons. Firstly, it is possible to have a bad day when you take your exams and not show your true ability. Secondly, exams don’t encourage real learning as students just memorize lots of information for the exam and then immediately forget it all. As well as this, it is much more realistic to spend time thinking about a question or problem, discussing it with other people and researching it in books. This is, of course, something you cannot do in an exam. In conclusion, I believe that we should make coursework an increasingly important part of student final marks. This will give a fairer and more accurate picture of each student’s real ability... Unit 4. Free Time and Leisure I. Reading and Speaking. Travelling Active Vocabulary: adventure n приключение, рискованное предприятие ahead of a впереди ahead of time заранее arrange v организовывать broaden v расширять(ся); распространять(ся) claim n утверждение; требование routine n рутина daily routine каждодневная рутина exciting a захватывающий, волнующий facility n легкость p i удобства; p i оборудование improved a улучшенный, усовершенствованный look forward to v ожидать owe v быть обязанным кому-либо; быть должным proverb n пословица resort n курорт rest n остаток; остальное retired a в отставке, на пенсии scenery n пейзаж touch v дотрагиваться, касаться 50 Language Practice: 1. Arrange the following words in pairs so that each pair consisted of a word and its syno­ nym. Example: scenery equipment to broaden to touch statement scenery - landscape agitating claim landscape in advance to expand to come into contact exciting facilities ahead of time 2. Match the word combinations with their Russian equivalents. 1. to know something exactly 2. a perfect way 3. to look forward to a trip 4. rapid growth 5. the paradox of today 6. as the proverb puts it 7. to enjoy picturesque landscapes 8. various facilities a. быстрый рост b. противоречие сегодняшнего дня с наслаждаться живописными пейзажами d. точно знать e. всевозможные удобства f идеальный способ g. с нетерпением ожидать поездки h. как говорится в пословице 3. Read the following extract and translate the words in brackets into English. You will find all the words in the active vocabulary list. Our holidays in Kenya, or it’s better to say our 1_____(приключения) were the most 2 (захватывающими) ones I have ever had before. I went through a very difficult period at work and 3_____(с нетерпением ждала) to this trip, because some mental relaxation was essential indeed I marvelled at sunsets in the desert without a soul around and enjoyed the 4____ (пейзажами) of great natural beauty. I could have gone to a prestigious sea or spa s____ (курорт) instead but I am really happy that I have chosen that very trip. I ____ (обязана) much to the sunsets of Kenya. They brought me back to life. 4. Match the adjectives with the nouns. sandy bottomless pebbly calm steep deep crowded bare grassy shallow 1. ____________________ beach, 2. ____________________ lake; 3. ____________________hillside. S. Read the text and be ready for comprehension check-up. Travelling People used to say that travelling broadens your mind and your horizons. Is it in fact true? Ask someone who has recently returned from a trip abroad what he or she got out of the trip, the answer will almost certainly not include the claim that the trip was a mind- broadening experience. Travelling abroad used to be an adventure. You never knew exactly how long a trip would take or where it would lead to. Nowadays travel is well-planned and consists mostly of spending a few weeks of touring or just sitting in the sun. Due to the improved system of travel, especially by air, it’s possible to arrive at your destination almost anywhere in the 51 world within a few hours. Improved communications make it possible to arrange hotels, tours and even meals and events ahead of time. This is exactly what people nowadays want. They want to get there with the maximum of speed and minimum of discomfort. The world is full of exciting places which, unfortunately, most of us will never person­ ally see. We know that they exist, we see them on TV or in magazines However some people do get to these faraway places. They are able to do so because it’s easier to travel today than it used to be. We can observe the most rapid growth of tourist industry in the last three decades of the 20th century. Travelling became cheaper and the tourist industry will soon be the largest industry in the world. In many cases tourism can ruin everything it touches. The crowds of tourists are so huge that they destroy the world’s most treasured sites. One of the most popular places among tourists who want to enjoy the sun and watch the waves bomb the shore is the Mediterranean Sea and its numerous resorts. The result of such popularity is that it's the dirtiest sea in the whole world now However the paradox of today is that despite the increasing number of tourists the average person has no opportunity to travel. Travelling requires time and the only people with time are the wealthy who have retired and the youngsters who are unemployed. We often get tired of the same surroundings and daily routine. Hence some relaxation is essential to restore our mental and physical resources. That is why the best place o f relaxation is the one where you have never been before. And it is by means of travelling that you get to that place. Basically, we can travel by car, by bus, by bicycle, by train, by ship, by plane. Each kind of travelling has its advantages. Modem means of travelling have various facilities The seats in carriages are comfortable, the carriages themselves are air-conditioned, one can sleep or enjoy beautiful scenery through the window. Travelling is always exciting We meet people, go to new places, get a lot of impressions. We enjoy picturesque landscapes, explore them and go sightseeing. We learn history, culture and traditions of different lands. We come to know more about music, art, literature and famous people. This is a perfect way to become more educated. It’s better to see once than to hear many times. One more thing makes travel­ ling wonderful. You are always looking forward to your trip and then to home coming, re­ turning to your native town, family and friends. And it’s quite natural. After all, “East or West - home is best” as the proverb puts it. We owe much to travelling. It makes us more friendly, more interested in the life of other peoples and cultures, it gives us energy and power for the rest of the year and it’s a great chance to study a foreign language in its natural environment. So, make your plans and go anywhere in the world no matter what time of year it is. Every season is beautiful in its own way. You may go mountain skiing in the Swiss Alps or the High Tatras, scuba dive in the warm waters of the Mediterranean or the Red Sea, explore the sites of Paris in autumn or travel in Germany in spring. The whole world of exciting places is waiting to be opened by you. Comprehension Check: 1. Answer the questions using the information from the text and expressing your own ideas and thoughts about travelling. 1. Why do people travel? 2. What are the most popular means of travelling? What is your favourite one? 3. What popular tourist spots in the world do you know/ Are there similar places in your country? Do you live in or near of them? 4. Can tourists do any harm to landscapes and cultures? 5. Are there any problems connected with the growing number of tourists? Can you name any of them? What are the most efficient ways of solving them? 6. What changes have been introduced into the sphere of tourism since the early 1900s? 52 7. Do you think tourism can contribute to increasing understanding between nations? 8. Comment on the following: ‘Travel broadens the mind.” 2. Match the idioms with their definitions 1. It’s a small world. 2. An Englishman’s home is his castle. 3. There’s no place like home. 4. All roads lead to Rome. 5. When in Rome do as the Romans do. a. When visiting a place always respect its cus­ toms and traditions. b. One can run into somebody in an unexpected place. c. Whatever methods you use will have the same result. d. An Englishman feels safest and does as he wishes in his home. e. One’s home is the best place to be. 3. When you travel abroad you will surely have to go to the currency exchange. Below you will find some basic sentence patterns, which will be helpful in the situation. Where can I change money? Где можно обменять деньги? Can I have a look at the exchange rates, Можно ознакомиться с курсами валют? please? What banknotes (bills) would you like? Какими купюрами Вы бы хотели получить? Where can I cash this cheque? Где можно получить наличные по этому чеку? What is the amount? Какова сумма? 4. Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Simple or Past Continuous. Many years ago while I 1___ _(travel) through Europe by train, I 2_____(have) the chance to visit most of the major European capitals and admire the fantastic scenery. One day, as the train 3_____(pass) through the French countryside it suddenly 4_____ (stop) at a small picturesque village because of engine problems. While we 5_____(wait) for the train to be re­ paired, we 6_____(get ofi) to do some sightseeing for a couple o f hours. I 7______(go) to a cosy restaurant where 1 8_____(enjoy) some wonderful local cuisine and 9_____ (taste) some exquisite French wine. In the end, I _____(not/mind) the delay at all! 5. Label the parts of the plane. tail cockpit fuselage nose undercarriage wing flap fin jet engine window 53 6. A. Try to name as many advantages and disadvantages of tourism as possible. Below you may find the beginning of your list: advantages disadvantages - you can see new places; - you can meet new people; - you can learn about different cultures ... - tourism has negative influence on the en­ vironment - crowds destroy the sites .... B. Think of yourself as a tourist Make up a short presentation about the role tourism and travelling play in your life. You may speak about general issues and also include some facts from your personal experience of being a tourist. Recall the most interesting trip you have ever made. Below you will find the optional plan for your story. the role of travelling in your life; the way of travelling you prefer; your preferences: travelling alone or with family and friends; organized tours or exploring new places on your own; the trip/voyage/tour of your dream; your ideas about the development of tourism industry in the future. II. Listening and Speaking. Sports and Hobbies Active Vocabulary: awareness n beneficial a chess n diving n shark diving coin n eliminate v escape v escape n item n keen a be keen on v overcome v overcome fears pace n pace of life perfect a sport n risk sports seek v suit v suppressing a ultimate a value n varied a willing a сознание благотворный, полезный шахматы ныряние ныряние с акулами монета уничтожать бежать, избежать, избавится бегство, зд. выход отдельный предмет; пункт острый; резкий; проницательный сильно увлекаться чем-либо преодолеть, побороть преодолеть(перебороть)страхи скорость; темп темп жизни идеальный спорт экстремальные виды спорта искать соответствовать; удовлетворять (требованиям) подавляющий предельный; максимальный, крайний ценность, стоимость различный, разнообразный готовый (сделать что-то) 54 Language Practice: 1. Find an odd word. 1. volleyball, rugby, chess, golf, football; 2 shark diving, tennis, parachuting, jumping off buildings, 3. skiing, mountain skiing, skating, freestyle, jogging; 4. volleyball, basketball, soccer, boxing, football; 5. perfect, continuous, ideal, best, fantastic; 6. escape, entrance, back entrance, exit, fire exit. 2. Guess the words enciphered in column A and find their definition in column B. All the words are taken from active vocabulary list. A В 1. V + 4 letters a. to get away from somebody or something; 2. E + 8 letters b. game for two people played on black and white squared board with 16 pieces on each side; 3. V + 5 letters c. without any mistakes/flaws, 4. P + 6 letters d. worth (in money or esteem); 5.1+3 letters e. different; 6. С + 4 letters f. a thing (in a list), piece; 7. E * 5 letters g. to remove, to exclude. 3. Translate the following passage into English. You will find all the underlined words in the active vocabulary list. С каждым днем экстремальные виды спорта становятся все более популярными. Люди готовы испытывать максимальный риск все чаще и чаще. Из всех экстремальных видов спорта прыжки с моста и с высотных зданий наиболее широко известны. По всему миру полтора миллиона людей попробовали это. Кроме прыжков, около миллиона людей попробовало нырять с акулами, платя по 300 долларов за один раз Пока еще никто не погиб, но ученые боятся, что это только вопрос времени. Почему же такие виды спорта настолько популярны? В современном обществе полностью уничтожен дух приключений. Люди чувствуют однообразную и подавляющую атмосферу и ищут выход для своих эмоций в экстремальных видах спорта Говорят, что это идеальный способ преодолеть страхи и получить много полезной энергии для повседневной работы 4. Here are some incorrectly formed questions. Correct them. 1. Why people take such dangerous risks? 2. Did he was waiting for you to jump? 3. When you went playing tennis? 4. Are you agree? 5. How many time have you been doing this sport? 6. What did asked the instructor? 7 He used to hate mountain skiing, isn’t he? 5. Listen to the text and be ready for comprehension check-up. Sports and Hobbies Whether you like being athletic and running around a track or prefer sitting indoors playing chess, sports and hobbies nowadays are so varied that there is something to suit eve- 55 ryone The pace of life today is so fast and stressful that being able to do something relaxing is becoming more and more important. Greater awareness of the need to exercise has led to the huge growth of the sports industry. But the importance of less active hobbies, such as chess or even stamp collecting shouldn’t be ignored. For some people mental activity is just as beneficial as any physical sport. Although people are increasingly aware of the need for in­ volvement in some form of recreation outside their normal routine, the influence of television and the growing use o f computers often mean that people lack the desire to take up other interests. It’s well known that ordinary people all over the world are willing to risk their life for the ultimate experience. What basic human need is driving them to do it? Risk sports are one of the fastest-growing leisure activities. People try everything from illegal jumping off build­ ings to shark diving. These people never feel so alive as when they are risking their lives. So why are some people so involved, while others are perfectly happy to sit at home by the fire? Some say, that people who do risk sports are reacting against a society, which they feel has become dull and suppressing. They believe that people today are looking for adventure. In an attempt to guarantee safety our culture has eliminated risk. People used to be able to seek ad­ venture by hunting wild animals or taking part in expeditions. Now they turn to risk sports as an escape. However it seems like risk sports have a positive side as well. They help people to overcome fears that affect them in their everyday lives. Hobbies are basically divided into four large classes: doing things, making things, collecting things and learning things. The most popular is the first group: you can do things from gardening to travelling, from volleyball to chess. Making things includes painting, drawing, playing musical instruments. Almost everyone collects something at some period of his life: stamps, coins, toys. Some collections have no real value. Others become so large and valuable that they are housed in museums and galleries. Many world-famous collections started from small ones with one or two items. So, everybody has something to enjoy. Somebody is keen on music, somebody can’t live without computer games, and somebody does the crosswords. Everybody has a hobby, though some people do not admit it because they think it to be somewhat childish. But they must do something in their spare time and this pastime can be defined as a hobby. In many cases a hobby can become a future profession. Especially nowadays, when al­ most all the children take computing as their one all-absorbing interest. Further, they master their skills, receive computer education and become true experts in the field of the web design, Internet or telecommunications. And the final statement, which truth cannot be ques­ tioned, is that every hobby gives those who follow it moments of great excitement, pride and fascination. Comprehension Check: 1. Answer the questions using the information from the text and expressing your own ideas and thoughts about travelling. 1. How do you usually spend your free time? Do you prefer to lead an active life? 2. How do you keep fit? How much time a week do you spend on it? 3. Do you support any particular sporting team? Which one? 4. Have you eveF collected anything? At what age? 5. Do you have a hobby? To which of the four groups does it belong? 6. Imagine that you have a lot of money and free time. What extraordinary and unusual hobby would you like to take up? (sub-aqua diving or other risk sports, travelling to some faraway exotic places, shooting a film, recording a song). 56 2. Fill in the gaps with one word. Since 0 its invention in the late 1970s, the mountain bike 1____ become incredibly popular. It’s attractions 2_____obvious: mountain biking combines the excitement of a fast sport3 the perfect excuse to get4_____and really enjoy the countryside. Mountain biking 5_____invented in California in the 1970s by the people looking 6____ a new thrill. They took traditional bicycles and started trying to find new ways of making them strong 7_____to take off the roads and into the countryside. A t8_____ , moun­ tain biking was only a downhill sport, but 9_____the sport developed, people began making the bikes lighter and fitting them with more gears, allowing them to be ridden uphill as Some environmentalists claim that careless cyclists 11_____destroying the countryside, and want to see this sport banned. This could 12_____avoided by creating marked tracks for the cyclists to use, and making 13_____that they do not just cycle anywhere. Then perhaps the sport could continue to grow 14 affecting the numerous others 15_____enjoy the out­ doors as well. 3. Cross out the unnecessary word in each of the sentences below. 1. Neither Peter nor John is not good enough to play cricket for England. 2. I detest playing rugby and so does detest my brother. 3. Swimming it is the form of exercise I like best. 4. We had not neither the time nor the patience to listen to him complaining about the training schedule. 5. He doesn’t mind for coming to the committee meeting on Friday. 6. They saw her be coming out of gym late in the afternoon. 4. Ask your neighbour to give you as much information as possible about. a) his/her favourite kind of sport; b) the role of sport in his/her life; c) the most famous sportsman he/she knows. 5. You are a reporter working for Eurosport channel. One of the most important events in the world of sport is Formula One Grand Prix which is taking place in Monaco next week. In order to remind the fans about it and increase the number of televiewers your channel has decided to make up an introductory programme, which will be on the air a few days before the actual race. Your colleagues have already investigated this issue and have found the following information: - the history of Formula One championships begins in 1950; - the main sporting events usually take place in Monaco, Hungary (Budapest), San Marino; - the most famous drivers in the whole history of Formula One’are: Michael Schumacher, universally regarded as the most talented driver of his genera­ tion; the best-paid driver; made his Grand Prix debut in 1991; in 1992 he won his first race in Belgium; in 1996 joined Ferrari; he has supreme self-confidence, which is sometimes inter­ preted as arrogance and extreme will to win; in 1999 had an accident (broken leg); in 2001 again took the drivers' title for Ferrari; became a national hero; Mika Hakkinen, bom in Finland; entered the race in 1999, became only the seventh man to win World Championships; made his Formula One debut with Lotus in 1991; for some time was a McLaren test driver; took victory in the 1997 European Grand Prix; became World Champion with eight race wins in 1998; in July 2002 announced that he would not be returning to Grand Prix racing and will spend more time with his son and family; 57 Damon Hill, was 15 when his father died in a plane crash; was hooked on motorbike racing; began racing in Formula One in 1992; in 1993 won in Hungary, Belgium and Italy, finished 3rd in the championship; in 1995 won four races and finished second in the championship, in 1996 was crowned world champion; refused to be involved in Formula One and lives with his wife and his children in Dublin. Using these details you have to make a review and give the televiewers some general infor­ mation about the history of Formula 1 race and also remind about the most famous racers. Your report should not last longer than 5 minutes. III. Conversation Practice. Going out Active Vocabulary: appreciate v award n book v cinema n (BrE) - movies n date и definitely adv deserted a everlasting a fabulous a lift n give a lift maroon v medium n (pi media) omission n inexcusable omission pageant n performance n plot n spectacular a taste n tastes differ tense a threaten v Language Practice: 1. Match the words (column A) with their definitions in English (column B). А В 1. everlasting a. an appointment to meet somewhere 2. performance b. a series of events that make an outline of the action of a narrative or a 3. date drama 4. appreciate c. to reserve in advance 5. plot d. unusual, sensational 6. spectacular e. never-ending 7. book f. to estimate, to understand the value of something g- a presentation before an audience ценить, понимать ценность, значение награда заказывать заранее (АтЕ) кино свидание определенно, точно пустынный, покинутый вечный легендарный, мифический поднятие, подъем подвезти (кого-либо) высаживать на необитаемом острове средство, зд. средства массовой информации упущение, оплошность непростительное упущение представление, конкурс представление, игра (актеров) сюжет эффектный, захватывающий вкус о вкусах не спорят; вкусы бывают разные напряженный угрожать, запугивать 2. Complete the crossword. Across: Down: 1. the white surface upon which a picture 2. a report which gives critical remarks is projected for viewing; about a film or performance; 4. most American films are produced in 3. a funny, humorous film; ; 5. the most prestigious award for the 8. “Santa Barbara” is a ; best film or actor/actress; 10. the period from Friday evening to 6. the list of actors and executives shown Sunday evening; in the end of every film; 11. a romantic feeling; 7. the word which appears when the film 12. a theatrical dance; is over; 13. a dramatic composition set to music 9. a famous American actress who and sung and acted on the stage; played the leading role in “Pretty Woman”; 11. most theatres and cinemas in are situated in the West End. 5 FT □I i 2 11 1 1 I 7 I | □ i J — — Г1 1 i 12 1 1 1 1 — 3. Translate into English. You will find the underlined words in the active vocabulary list 1. I I I o h Коннери сыграл роль Агента 007 в первых фильмах о Джеймсе Бонде. Фильмы об этом легендарном шпионе продолжают снимать и сегодня. 2. Награды за лучший фильм были вручены в Голливуде, штат Калифорния. 3. Многие известные актеры выпускают свои биографические воспоминания. В некоторых случаях это даже более интересно, чем сюжеты фильмов, в которых они снимались. 4. О вкусах не спорят. Лично я предпочитаю захватывающие приключенческие фильмы. 5. Неделя была действительно напряженной. Надеюсь, что в выходные мы отдохнем. Мы планируем сходить в театр, только надо заказать билеты прямо сейчас. 6. Я много узнал об этой выставке современного искусства из Интернета и средств массовой информации. 7. На выходных мы точно поедем за город. Если погода будет хорошей, мы сможем как следует отдохнуть от монотонной работы. 59 4. Match the places of entertainment on the left with the activities in the second box, then add some more activities. Finally, discuss which form of entertainment you enjoy the most and why. 1. nightclub a. meet other young people for social activities; 2 . leisure centre b. see a film; 3. circus c. play computer games or pool; 4. cinema d. take a roller-coaster ride; 5. funfair e. see the flying trapeze artists; 6 . youth club f. dance. 5. Read the dialogue and be ready for comprehension check-up. Friday Evening Brian is calling his girlfriend Jessica. London, Friday, 7 p.m. Brian-. Hey, Jess! How are you? Jessica: Hi, Brian! Everything is just fine. And what about you? Brian: I came home half an hour ago. Jeff gave me a lift. He and Julie were in the movies last night and enjoyed it greatly. Jessica: Oh, really? I haven’t seen Jeff and Julie for ages. I am so busy at work that I have completely forgotten about my friends... And what was on yesterday? Brian: I don’t remember the title. Jeff said it was with Sharon Stone. That very movie in which her performance earned her an Oscar nomination for the Best Actress. Jessica: Then it must be “Casino”. I have read a great deal about it in the media. You know, Brian, I really do not remember when I was in the cinema for the last time. Brian: That’s exactly what I was thinking about. What an inexcusable omission, as they usually say in the good old films. By the way, I have already checked what’s on in the West End tonight. Jessica: And what’s on? Brian: Well, “The Lord Of The Rings” at 10 p.m. at ABC Kingston. Jessica: Oh no, not this one please. I do not appreciate fantasy that much. Brian: Why not, but it’s so spectacular, so impressive. Visual effects are fabulous. It has so many Oscar awards. Jessica: Yes, maybe. But it’s too long. It lasts for three hours. And the visual effects you have mentioned are the only advantage of this film. Brian: All right, all right. Tastes differ. What would you prefer? Something about everlasting love? Jessica: No, not necessarily. I am for some kind of a romantic comedy. You know, it’s been a tense week and I have just had enough action in the office, so I want to have some rest and to laugh. Brian: I understand, Jess. Let me see that page again. Oh, we have two comedies on tonight. Jessica: What comedies? Brian: “Miss Congeniality” with Sandra Bullock and “Six Days Seven Nights” with Anne Heche and Harrison Ford. What’s your choice? Jessica: Well. I definitely like Sandra Bullock. But I also like Harrison Ford. I think I can’t make this choice. What would you prefer? 60 Brian: There are short reviews on both these films. “Miss Congeniality” is about the Miss USA pageant threatened by some criminal. Bullock is a federal agent forced to take part in the pageant as one of the contestants. I really don’t know. . Jessica: And “Six Days Seven Nights”? Brian: Sounds much better. The whole thing is taking place on the tropical island. The plane is caught in a storm, it crashes, and Heche together with Ford are marooned on a beautiful yet deserted island. They work hand in hand to survive... You know, Jess, I like the plot. Jessica: Perfect. I like it too. I’d love to see this film tonight. Brian: That’s settled I’m calling Barbican and booking two tickets for 10 p.m. Jessica: Great. When are you picking me up? Brian: We can have a dinner at Harlequin before going to Barbican? Jessica: With pleasure. Seems like it’s going to be a perfect date... Comprehension Check: 1. Answer the questions using the information from the text and expressing your own ideas and thoughts about cinema and other ways of spending free time. 1. What are the young people’s plans for Friday evening? 2. Why was “The Lord Of The Rings” rejected by Jessica? What film have they finally chosen? Why? What is the plot? 3. What kind of films are you fond of? 4. Do you prefer to go to the cinema to see a new film or to buy video-cassettes? 5. Do you have a favourite actor/actress/director? 6 . Would you like to star in a film? If yes, in what part and in what film? 7. What is your attitude to computer animation? Do you like computer animated cartoons? Can you name any? 2. Use the words from the list to fill in the dialogue among three people who are organizing a dinner party. ' _______________kilo, carton, bag, box, tub, loaves, bars, slices, packets_________________ Pam: What shall I get from the supermarket, then? Frank: Well, I need a 1_____ of carrots for the soup I’m going to make and a couple of 2_____of bread. Rita: You’d better get about ten 3_____of ham and a 4_____ of milk because I’m making spaghetti carbonara for the main course. Oh, and two 5_____of spa­ ghetti. Get a 6_____of margarine as well. Frank: Yes, we need two 7_____of chocolate and a * _____of sugar I’m going to make a chocolate cake. You’d better get a big _____of chocolates as well. I’ll serve them with coffee afterwards. Pam: All right Is that it? I’ll see you later, then 3. A. Match each of the following statements to a shop below in which you might hear it being said. 1. I only bought these last week and the heel has already come off. 2. Could I have a dozen red roses, please? 61 3. Do you have anything to help with a sore throat and running nose? 4. A large, brown loaf and a couple of jam doughnuts, please. 5. I’d like to send it first class - and do you have any of those special airmail letters? 6 . I’m afraid this check-out is only for customers with fewer than ten items. 7. Could you give me a couple of those avocados and a pound of the mushrooms, please? a) a florist’s; e) a supermarket; b) a greengrocer’s; f) a post office; c) a baker’s; g) a shoe shop. d) a chemist’s; B. Discuss the following questions: 1. What are your favourite shops? 2. When was the last time you really enjoyed going shopping? What did you buy? 3. Have you ever had any bad experience while shopping? (For example, have you ever had to complain about something like service or faulty goods?) If so, what happened? 4. A. Study the following situations. Ask for, refuse or give permission as in the example. Example: Your brother wants to take your motorcycle but you need it yourself. What do you say? I ’m sorry, but you can't use my motorcycle because I have to go far to­ night. 1. You are about to leave your friend’s house after a party when it starts to rain. You need an umbrella. What do you say? 2. Visitors to the museum are not allowed to take photographs. What does the security guard say when he sees your camera? 3. You are a parent visiting your child’s school. You want to see the head teacher. What do you say to the secretary? 4. You need to make an urgent telephone call but none of the public phones work, so you go into a nearby shop. What do you say? B. Study the following situations and make offers or suggestions as in the example. Example: There’s a new restaurant in town and you’d like to go there with your friend. What do you say to him/her? What about going to that new restaurant in town? /Let's go to that new restaurant in town. I've heard that the atmosphere is very cozy and re­ laxing there. 1. Your family can’t decide what to do at the weekend. You think it would be fun to go camping (explain why). What do you say? 2. Your friend is decorating his/her room. You think he/she needs some help. What do you say? 3. Your company director wants to hire a new secretary. You think putting an advertisement in the newspaper is a good idea (explain why). What do you say to him? C. Make up sentences saying how often you do these things: go to the cinema; - eat out in restaurants; go to the theatre; - go to parties; visit a museum/exhibition; - play billiards; go to the disco; - access the Internet; travel abroad/around the country; - play computer games; go in for sports; - drive a car; - take a taxi. 62 5. You have read the dialogue between Jessica and Brian who were discussing their plans for going out You and your groupmate have to do the same. Below there are five short notes, advertising various events taking place on the coming weekend. Together with your friend make plans for Friday, Saturday or Sunday evenings taking into account your per­ sonal preferences, likes and dislikes. You can visit more than one place mentioned. " C a ^ J a n c a 1 1» i -ал» rM.v to* two | L i n m i . i i n i * J X - “ ~ii — ■— lim n - ■ " " I ^ E o c * . S i s t e r s I-A ! IV. Reading and Writing. Eating Habits Active Vocabulary: alertness n бдительность, проворство boost v повышать; поднимать chemical n химический элемент close a близкий damaging a вредный, наносящий повреждения или вред decayn разрушение; гниение eat out v питаться вне дома essential a неотъемлемый, существенный guilt n вина interrupt v прерывать merry a веселый, приятный moderation n умеренность; сдержанность occasion v случай, возможность; обстоятельство prevent v предотвращать since prep так как; с (того момента как) store v хранить, сохранять sushi n суши (блюдо японской кухни из рыбы) tempting a соблазнительный Language Practice: 1. Put each word into its correct category. Use the dictionary if necessary. cake, caviar, peach, cottage cheese, pumpkin, pork, milk, salmon, cucumber, puff, sweet pep­ per, sour cream, honey, potato, butter, ice-cream, beef, raspberry, carrot, water-melon, bacon, _____________________ strawberry, cheese, roll, plum _______________ vegetable fruit meat & fish dairy dessert cake 63 2. Arrange the following words in pairs so that each pair consisted of a word and its anto­ nym. Fill in the gaps in the sentences with some of these words. merry essential disgusting to continue to eat out to interrupt gloomy inessential tempting alertness to eat at home inattentiveness This sushi looks ______ _! It seems to me the fish is rotten. That smell from the kitchen is so _______! My mouth starts watering. Pizza Hut is our favourite fast food restaurant. We there almost every day. Motzarella cheese and tomato sauce are the two ingredients for any kind of pizza. Where do you keep chocolate? I can’t find it. I have to drive far tonight and they say chocolate increases______. __by a news bulletin.6 . My favourite TV programme was suddenly _ 3. Match the English word combinations with their Russian equivalents. 1. to be merry a. чувство вины 2 . essential minerals b. с другой стороны 3. to find something tempting c. нарушать сон 4. to interrupt sleep d. предупреждать болезни сердца 5. on the other side e. улучшить концентрацию (внимание) 6 . the feeling of guilt f. необходимые (важные) минералы 7. to improve concentration g- находить что-либо привлекательным 8 . to prevent heart disease h. повышать бдительность 9. a major source i. быть веселым 10 . to increase alertness j- основной источник 4. Fill in the gaps with the correct word or word combination from the box below. __________________hangover, starving, full, food poisoning, indigestion_________ I w as____ Craig got _ Gillian got I’m He had a when I got home as I hadn’t eaten all day. ___ because the meat he had eaten was undercooked. ____ because she ate her food too quickly. ; I can’t eat another bite. ____ from all the alcohol he had drunk the previous night. 5. Read the text and be ready for comprehension check-up. Eating Habits In ancient Greek times, Epicurus lived by the philosophy “Eat, drink and be merry and let tomorrow take care o f itself.” But nowadays our instinct to enjoy ourselves has been re­ placed with feelings of guilt about what we should or shouldn’t eat. How damaging are all those “harmful” foods we find so tempting? Let’s look more closely at the good and bad sides of some of our favourites. Chocolate contains some stimulants which help concentration and boost the brain’s level of serotonin, a chemical, that makes us feel good. Chocolate is also rich in iron and po­ tassium. On the other side, it’s high in fat and calories and can interrupt sleep if eaten in the evening. Sugar is converted into energy more quickly than any other food, so it’s hard for the body to store it as fat. Studies have shown that it makes you feel full more quickly, so you are less likely to overeat. Eating sugar at breakfast time has been shown to improve concentration 64 and memory in the morning. The bad news is that sugar causes tooth decay and contains no useful nutrients. Meat is an important food as it is the major source of protein, vitamin В and essential minerals. However, it also contributes a quarter of our daily fat intake. Cheese and cream are rich in calcium and vitamin D. Coffee and tea contain caffeine, which increases alertness. Tea contains tannine which helps to prevent heart disease. On the other hand, since they are stimulants, they can interrupt sleep and relaxation and therefore shouldn’t be drunk in the evening. It seems, then, that we can feel free to enjoy all of these types of food, keeping in mind that moderation is the key to good health. So eat small amounts of these foods and forget about feeling guilty! Nowadays eating out has become a popular form of entertainment which all o f us enjoy. It has become a part o f tradition for many people to invite close friends to the restaurant to celebrate birthdays or any other occasions. It’s very convenient because you needn’t cook yourself and can not only reserve a table in advance, but also choose your menu ahead of time. Since going to other countries can be quite expensive, dining in ethnic restaurants is a cheap alternative that gives you a chance to try something different. We have a wide variety to choose ranging from hot and spicy Mexican food to the more delicate flavours o f Japanese sushi. Moreover, some ethnic restaurants offer other forms of entertainment like live music and traditional dancing. Comprehension Check: 1. Complete the questions with the suitable question words (where, why, what, how). An­ swer these questions. 1. ____ was the main idea of Epicurus’ philosophy? Do you agree with this idea? 2. ____ ingredient helps to boost the brain’s level o f serotonin?_____ can it be found? 3. ____ product is converted into energy more quickly than any other food?____ is the bad news about this product? 4. ■ is said about meat? 5. - products contain caffeine?_____ shouldn’t they be drunk in the evening? 6. ____ is eating out so popular nowadays? 7. Do you enjoy eating meat? If so ,_____kinds of meat do you like?_____ do you like them cooked? If you don’t like meat, explain why and say what kinds of food you par­ ticularly like to eat. 8. ____ are your favourite desserts? 9. ____ well can you cook? Do you enjoy cooking? Why/why not? 2. Look at the sentences below describing table manners. Tick (*0 the ones describing good manners and put a cross (X) next to the ones describing bad manners. 1. □ smoking at the table; 5. □ putting your knife in your mouth; 2. □ using a napkin; 6 . □ putting your elbows on the table; 3. □ reaching across the table; 7. □ not starting to eat before everybody is served; 4. □ chewing with your mouth closed; 8 . □ blowing your nose. 3. Put one of the following prepositions into each space in the sentences below. _________________________ to, at, down, of, for, out, in, up_________________________ 1. I asked_____the menu. 2. I like to eat_____. 65 3 He took____ my order 4 I prefer a simple cafe____ a big restaurant. 5. I like to g o _____ self - service places. 6 Let’s invite the Smiths_____ dinner. 7 I looked____the menu. 8 . I’m very fond_____Chinese food. 9. Could you help me se t____ the plates. 10 Put the used cutlery_____ the sink. 11. I’ll wash them _____ later 4. Read the following extract about the history of the pizza. Complete the sentences with the words and word combinations from the box. as a handle, 30 minutes, immigrated, sound unbelievable, pizzas, a law, southern part of Italy, ________various toppings, Marguerita, into a main course, Italian flag, in 1830, queen_______ It may 1_____, but the history of the pizza begins in Greece, and not in Italy as many of us used to think. The Greeks turned their bread ‘_____by topping it with cheese, garlic, onions, oil, herbs, olives and vegetables. These early pizzas were flat and round with a rim of crust used 3_____. When the Greeks colonized 4_____ , they brought the idea of an “edible plate” with them. The first Italian pizzeria was opened in Naples ____ . Neapolitans began to put tomato sauce on pizza. One of the most famous kinds of pizza is 6_____. It has the colours of the 7_____: red tomatoes, white mozzarella, green basil leaves. It was made for the first time by Rafaelle esposita in honour of th e8_____Marguerita Teresa Giovanni In the late 1800s many Italians 9___ to the USA where they started their own busi­ ness, which was mainly selling bakery and 10 In 1905 Ginaro Lombardi opened the first pizzeria in America. Nowadays pizzas can have 11 : eel in Japan, coconut in Korea, red herring in Russia, pineapple in Australia. However the Naples Pizza Assosiation wants to set 12______of what can be put on the top of the pizza. Pizza has become a global favourite. You order your pizza and eat it in 13______or less unlike the ancient Greeks. 5. You are working as a designer in a foreign company involved in advertising. You have to write a short advertising article about one of the most popular restaurants in Moscow or in St. Petersburg. The article should be written or typed on the paper of A4 size. You may use appropriate pictures, menu samples and different fonts. Below you will find information on four restaurants. Choose any one. Name U Babushki Boyarsky Zal Address Moscow, Bolshaya Ordynka St. 42 Moscow, V* Teatralny Proyezd Working hours 10 a.m. - 11 p.m. 6 p.m - midnight Cuisine good Russian food traditional Russian and European Specialty pelmeni (dumplings), sturgeon, Rus­ sian delicacy caviar caviar-stuffed trout, beet and potato salad, blini (pancakes) Decorations i decorated with theatrical memorabilia set in the dining room of a 19“ century Russian mansion Dinner for one price level 1 0 -4 0 USD, no credit cards 50- 80 USD, credit cards Comments Always full, it has become a favourite of both Russians and Moscow’s inter­ national community. It’s owned by a former actress. A dream world: a stuffed Russian bear and balalaika players, pre- Revolutionary silver, lots of gold paint and a wonderful balcony. Name The Senate bar U Petrovicha Address St. Petersburg, Galernaya St 1 St. Petersburg, Sredneohtinsky Ave.44 66 Working hours 11 a.m. - 5 a.m. noon - midnight Cuisine Russian, German, American traditional Russian Specialty a huge beer menu, fish and pasta true Russian specialties, elk, rabbit Decorations a cozy place across the river attentive service, cozy atmosphere Dinner for one price level 10 - 20 USD, credit cards 20 - 40 USD, credit cards Comments An evening walk to this restaurant from Nevsky is very pretty and takes you past St. Isaac’s cathedral. This place draws an interesting mix of ostentatious “new Russians” and foreign businessmen. A good jazz band during lunch on Sunday. Unit 5. What is Your Line? I. Reading and Speaking. Choosing a Career Active Vocabulary: aim n appeal v definite a experience n examination n цель привлекать точный, четкий опыт осмотр; экзамен far more serious examination гораздо более серьёзное испытание field?! field o f industry initiate v involve v justification n look for v occupation n occupational а persistence n requirement n serve v strength n strengths and weaknesses succeed v sufficient а vocation n поле; область, сфера деятельности отрасль промышленности начинать; быть инициатором включать; вовлекать оправдание искать занятие, профессия профессиональный упорство, настойчивость требование работать, служить сила; прочность сильные и слабые стороны преуспеть достаточный призвание 67 Language Practice: 1. Guess the words enciphered in column A and find their definition in column B. All the words are taken from the active vocabulary list. A В 1. E + 9 letters a.target; what you are trying to do; 2 .0 + 9 letters b to try to find; 3. A + 2 letters c. to attract; 4. L + 3 letters + prep d. to start (something) going; 5.1 + 7 letters e. to do well; to do what you’ve been trying to do; 6 . A + 5 letters f. something lived through; 7 S + 6 letters g. job/position/employment 2. Take a word from the left column and find a suitable word or expression in the right one in order to make a word combination. Make up your own sentences with any five word combinations. a definite to look for to initiate sufficient knowledge a serious examination to travel changes experience and practical knowledge of somebody’s abilities and character answer around the world a good job of foreign languages 3. Read the following passage and translate the words in brackets into English. You will find all the words in the active vocabulary list. As for my future, I have still got one more year at the University. After that I will 1_____(искать) a job on a cruiser. It will give me a chance to practice my French and Ger­ man, my knowledge of which is not y e t1_____(достаточный). It’s going to be a 3_____ (гораздо более сложным испытанием) than it may seem. Everything depends on you. You have to 4______(начинать) changes and make important decisions, have enough confidence and 5______(упорства). After that I thought I would do a secretarial course where I could learn shorthand and typing in foreign languages. I believe that such abilities and 6_____ (опыт) will be very valuable when I decide to go job-hunting. 4. Put one of the following prepositions into each space in the sentences below. I_____________________________ at, in, for, to, as, off, of__________________ 1. I’m interested _ _ _ this job. 2. What did you study_____university? 3. He has applied_____Lufthansa_____ a job_____ an office manager, 4. This job advertisement looks interesting. I’ll send_____ an application form. 5. Have you filled_____ the form yet? 6 . You must sent;____ the form by 20 May. 7. He is _____for the afternoon today. 8 . She retired_____the age of 60. 9 A commission means you get a percentage_________________what you sell. 10. The sixty applicants were reduced____________________ a short-list of four. 11. I am all_____what you say. 68 5 Read the text and be ready for comprehension check - up. Choosing a Career When you leave school you understand that the time to choose your future profession has come. It’s not an easy task to make the right choice of a job. I have known for a long time that leaving school is the beginning of my independent life, the beginning of a far more seri­ ous examination of my abilities and character. I have asked myself a lot of times: “What do I want to be when I leave school?” A few years ago it was difficult for me to give a definite answer. As the years passed I changed my mind a lot of times about which science or field of industry to specialize in. Choosing a career is like any other activity you have to work out a plan. Too many people start looking for a specific job before thinking out their career aims. It is a good idea to begin with defining in clear terms what your requirements for a career are. This involves taking a realistic view of your strengths and weaknesses. You may think for example, that you would like a job which involves organizing people. But liking such a job is not a sufficient justification if your experience suggests that this is not your strong point. On the other hand, you should remember that training will help you to learn to do new things. Having thought carefully about the sort of person you are, try to work out a realistic set of occupational re­ quirements. In particular, you have to answer important questions. First: what sort of life do you want to lead? For example, do you want to live in the country or in the town? Is leisure time of great importance to you? Is the amount of your salary o f vital importance? Do you want to put down roots or travel widely? Second: what sort of work do you want to do? For example, do you like working alone or with others? Does teaching people appeal to you? Do you want to be an organizer of other people's activities? Do you want to develop new ideas and initiate changes? As for me, I have made up my mind to be a manager. My choice of this occupation did­ n't come as a sudden flash. I think that nowadays this profession is of great need and impor­ tance for our country. My aim is to become a qualified specialist and to serve the interests of my company and my country. To be a well-prepared engineer I should have some important qualities such as: great persistence, knowledge of science, and, of course, knowledge of foreign languages. I think this is my vocation. I hope that my personal qualities combined with the knowledge would be quite enough to succeed in my work. Comprehension Check: 1. Complete the sentences with the information from the text. 1 When you leave school_______. 2 Choosing a career is like any other activity. You have to _______and think ou t_______ 3. You should remember that training_______. 4. You have a list of important questions. First_______ Second . 5. To be a well - prepared engineer one needs_______. 2. Put each of the following words into its correct place in the passage below. Г-------------------- -------------- —-------------- .----------------------------------------------------------------- | produce, markets, slump, shipyards, economy, products, boom, export, plants, natural re- I_____ ___________________________ sources, import________________________________ The health of a big developed country’s 1_____depends largely on its industry. Facto­ ries have to keep busy. They must 2_____and sell their3_____ in large quantities. 4_____ must make and sell ships, car 5_____must make and sell cars. A period of industrial success when everything goes well and large profits are made is called a 6_____. On the other hand, a period when there is not much industrial activity is called a 1_____ To maintain a high level 69 of production is not simple. For example, Japan, a very successful industrialized country, has very few 8____ such as oil or coal, and has to 9_____ them from other countries in order to keep its industries going, and thus to supply needs at home and also to 10_____its goods to its overseas11_______ . 3. Complete the following dialogue with the Present Continuous or Present Simple (Indefi­ nite) form of the verbs in brackets. Rupert: Hi, Nigel! How are you? Nigel: Fine, fine. It’s been a long time. Rupert: Yes, nearly four years now. Nigel: So, tell me about yourself! Rupert: Well, 1 1_____ (work) in the language school in Cairo. Nigel: Oh, really? So what you2_____ (do) here in London? Rupert: 1 3_____(have) a holiday. Nigel: Oh, I see. And what you4_____ (think) of Cairo? Rupert: Oh, 15_____(like) it very much. It’s a very exciting place. Nigel: And what about your job? Rupert: Well, I generally 6__________________________________(get up) about 8.30 and 7____(plan) some lessons. Fortunately, with time i t 8_____(get) easier and easier to plan lessons - in the beginning it took me ages! I usually ____(teach) from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. and later again from 6.30 to 9.30. We a ll>u (finish) at 9.30 p.m. and we often 11_____(go) into town in one big group, to a disco or something. Nigel: When you 12_____(go) back to Cairo? Rupert: Next week, on Friday. The plane 13_____(leave) early, about 7 a.m. Nigel: And how’s your brother? Rupert: Chris... oh, he’s OK. 1 14 (see) him as often as I can. He is married with two children and he never 15 (stop) telling me that I should get a regular job and settle down! He 16______ (play) a lot of football at the moment. I _____(think) he 18_____ (try) to get fit! Nigel: That’s new! Rupert: And what about you? What you 19____ (do)? 70 4. Л. Make up a list of your personal strengths and weaknesses. B. Read the following job advertisements. WRlAH.t*.S..QM8 The tedding international professional accounting firm in Minsk hat vacancies for Secretary and Telephone Operator Requirements to the applicants are as follows: SECRETARY: - good command of business English . good PC skills secretarial and administration experience TELEPHONE OPERATOR: - good command of business English - good PC skilis You can send your CV by e-mail to: personnakgfrwnQhttndsont.com or bv fax 211 00 00 WORK WITH ENGLISH-SPEAKING TOURISTS Have you been looking for a chance to improve your English and earn good money at the same time? Well, this is an ideal opportunity! Our company specialises in providing package tours for British and American tourist* all over the world, ami we are looking Гог local people who arc interested in acting as tour guides around major cities and places of national interest. You would also be responsible for looking after the general welfare of your group while they were in your care. Utters of application should be sent to: BiitAm Tourt. £tn/urt House. 176 PicvadUix. London \V7 9FQ Short-listed applicants will be called for interview locally. Ц-11- '!*" ''" 'г адив»д— — —«an'.'LJK^i'.ag g gsg ; Webnet Corporato r Office In the Republic of Belarus urgently needs: - system administrator - engineer (microchip technologies) • driver Letters of application and CVs should be sent to: vacancy ©wncorp.minsk.by or 15 Masherov Ave, office 1a Minsk 220101 Republic of Belarus Application deadline: December 1 " 2003 OPERATION SEA WOLF Chance Of A Lifetime! If you want to see the world, visit exotic piece*, n u k e new friends and work hard as part of a team, this could be just the opportunity you've been looking for. Operation Sea Wolf sets sail on November 15th and currently needs: - m arine biologists/anthropologists/ geologists - enthusiastic crew members (no previous sailing experience necessary) T he voyage w ill last for approximately b m onths and w ill include research Into the animal an d p lant life o f Indonesia. Which one seems to be the most suitable for you? Take a close look at every ad and explain why/why not every one of them is/isn’t suitable for you. S. Just for fun. You are a workaholic when ... you prefer Mondays to Fridays, you never go to restaurants that have music because it’s too hard to hold a conversation on your cellular phone; you wonder why certain hours are called “rush hours”: isn’t every hour a rush hour? you are nostalgic about homework; you’ve heard a lot about weather, but you have never actually seen it; someone gives you a book on chair aerobics; you hate waiting for the elevator, the copy machine to warm up, your computer to save; you hope that if you come back to life as an animal, it will be an octopus. II. Listening and Speaking. People and Jobs Active Vocabulary: beyond prep вне, сверх, выше beyond all expectations выше всех ожиданий 71 billionaire n chain л charity n charity organization confidence n employee n fashion n fashion show feminine a fortune n gadgetry n loyalty n management n mature a popular adj be popular with promote v realize v salary и salesperson n software n swear v tough a tycoon n миллиардер цепь; сеть (кафе, ресторанов) благотворительность, милосердие благотворительная организация уверенность служащий фасон; стиль, мода показ мод женственный состояние механизмы, оборудование верность, преданность управление зрелый, опытный популярный быть популярным среди кого-либо повышать, продвигать по службе понимать зарплата продавец програмное обеспечение клясться трудный (для выполнения) промышленный магнат Language Practice: 1. Arrange the following words into groups so that each group consisted of a word from the active vocabulary list, its synonym and antonym as in the example. e.g. tough (act.voc.) - difficult (syn) - easy (ant) tough (act.voc.) certainty difficult to understand easy to realize (act.voc.) to move backwards inexperienced to misunderstand confidence (act.voc) mature (act.voc.) to promote (act.voc.) doubt experienced to move forward 2. Match the word combinations with their Russian equivalents. 1. to start one’s own company a. завоевать чье-либо доверие 2 . enormous success b. под чьим-либо управлением 3. to become a billionaire c. огромный успех 4. to grow beyond all expectations d. быть популярным среди зрителей 5. to win one’s loyalty e. открыть собственную компанию 6 . to be popular with crowds f. новая сеть кафе 7. to damage one’s confidence g- становиться миллиардером 8 . the new chain of cafes h. заниматься благотворительностью 9. to do charity work i. вырасти вопреки всем ожиданиям 10 . under one’s management j- вредить уверенности в себе Translate the following sentences into English. You will find all the underlined words in the active vocabulary list. 1. Билл Гейтс - известный промышленный магнат и миллиардер Причина огромного успеха его компьютерной компании связана с разработкой нового программного обеспечения 12 2 Быть продавцом не так просто Надо быть терпеливым, вежливым и, конечно, увгпенным в себе. 3. Мне кажется, он уже понял, что создать здесь сеть таких исследовательских лабораторий будет очень сложно. 4. Сколько служащих в этой компании? Какова их средняя зарплата? 5. Следующий показ мод пройдет на следующей неделе. Все деньги будут переданы я н17птвооительным организациям 6 . Генеральный директор очень популярен среди своих служащих 4. A. What adjectives from the list given below do you assosiate with these jobs? Explain your choice. I dangerous, demanding, enjoyable, exciting, hard-working, interesting, independent, monoto- ■ nous, nervous, patient, practical, reliable, rewarding, sociable, tiring___________ a taxi driver ______________ an interpreter ______________ an economist ______________ a programmer______________ an engineer ______________ B. Complete the sentences using the following phrases. for Lego in computers a doctor an accountant for Canon__________ an estate agent______in construction_______a solicitor 1. I’m . I buy and sell houses 2 . I’m . I work for IBM. 3. I’m . I specialize in corporate law. 4. I work . We produce photocopiers, fax machines and other office equipment. 5. I’m . I work at Guv’s Hospital in London. 6 . I work , the Danish tov manufacturer. 7. I’m . I work for the financial services section. 8 . I’m . I work on building projects in the Middle East. 5. Read the text and be ready for comprehension check - up. People and Jobs Bill Gates, a software tycoon, is definitely the richest citizen in the whole world. He can afford everything without any limits. His wealth is based on his company, Microsoft, and his personal fortune is estimated about £18 billion, which is more than the annual economic out­ put of several countries altogether. He is not so shy about spending his money and has built an incredible mansion that he has packed with all possible high-tech gadgetry, including TV monitors, some taking up an entire wall. Though, he is said to have a rather cold-blooded approach to human relationships and to his love life in particular. After school Bill Gates went to continue his education at Harvard University, but never graduated. When he left, he started his own computer company. The reason for its enormous success is that he realized that his fortune lay in software, not hardware. He became a billionaire at 31 and so far his intention is to develop a hand-held personal computer - a computer in the pocket of every person in the world. Thomas J. Watson Senior began his business career as a sewing machine salesperson and later, when he became President of IBM, he used his sales techniques to promote the company’s name. When Watson joined IBM in 1914, the company was almost broke. Under his leadership, it grew beyond all expectations and adopted a leading position in the informa­ tion industry. Watson believed that the way to win a man’s loyalty is to build up his self­ 73 respect. So, under his management, IBM employees were earning above - average salaries and good pensions In return, he demanded loyalty and enthusiasm. Until the 1950s, IBM never sold machines. They just rented them to customers. Watson insisted on this policy and it helped the company to survive the Depression of the 1930s. As many as 40 top people re­ ported to him personally. He had a strong personality and made all the major decisions him­ self. When Christina Sanchez told her parents that she wanted to become a bullfighter in­ stead of a hairdresser, they weren’t too pleased. But when she was 18 her parents realized that she was serious and sent her to a bullfighting school in Madrid, where she trained with pro­ fessionals Since last July, Sanchez is very popular with crowds. Out of the ring she doesn’t look like a matador. She is casually elegant and wears her long blond hair loose. When San­ chez is not fighting she has a tough fitness routine - running, working out in the gym. By nine she is at home for dinner and by eleven she’s in bed. She doesn’t drink or smoke. Sanchez spends most of the year travelling: in summer to Spanish and French bullfights and in winter to Latin America. She had been wounded three times, twice lightly in the leg and once seri­ ously in the stomach. After the injury, the only thing Sanchez thinks about is how quickly she can get back to the ring. “It damages your confidence,” she says. “It’s just unprofessional to be injured. You cannot let it happen”. Claudia Shiffer is a very successful German supermodel She has appeared on the covers and fashion pages of all the major fashion magazines and is one of the faces of Chanel. Not only is Claudia a professional model, but she is also a very successful businesswoman. She has her own fitness video and is a partner in the new chain of “Fashion Cafes”. She is also very generous, spending a lot of her time working with various charity organizations helping children in need. When Claudia is not modelling or doing charity work, she likes reading and watching old films. She also enjoys going to parties, but she rarely stays out late. Comprehension Check: 1. You have just read four passages about four different people all of whom have different jobs. Decide who of these four: a) didn’t want to become a hairdresser; b) became a billionaire at 31; c) used to sell sewing machines; d) doesn’t smoke; e) enjoys charity work; f) has a personal fitness video; g) spends most of the year travelling; h) joined the company which was almost broke, i) didn’t graduate from Harvard University; j) enjoys going to parties; k) made all the major decisions himself; 1) thinks that it’s unprofessional to be injured; m) is one of the faces of Chanel; n) is said to have cold-blooded approach to human relations, °) is very generous; P) had 40 top people reporting to him personally. 2. Explain what these different people do in their jobs. e.g. A nurse takes care of people who are not well. 74 Г a nurse, a lawer, an editor, a carpenter, a mathematician, an electrician, a plumber, j an economist, a journalist, a physicist, an architect, an engineer, a scientist, a builder, ' a foundryman, a judge, a miner, a private detective, a tax inspector, a doctor, a social worker, |____________________________________ a turner___________________________________ If you had the necessary skills/qualifications, which of these jobs: might you be interested in? Why? would you definitely not be interested in? Why? 3 . 1. Work with your groupmate. Choose one of the jobs from exercise П but don’t tell your partner which one you have chosen. 2. Your partner must ask you questions to find out what the job is. e.g. Do you wear a uniform? - Yes. 3. You can only answer “Yes” or “No” to questions. When your partner has discovered the job, change. 4. See who can discover the other person’s job in the least number of questions. 4. Answer the following questions on the problem of employment and finding a good job. 1 What do you think is a good salary in our country? How much would you like to earn? 2. Would you like to work on comission? Why/why not? Do you think people should get paid a bonus for especially good work? 3. What different information should you put in a CV? 4. What should you do to make a good impression at a job interview? 5 Think of the job you do at the moment or you would like to do in the future What skills and qualifications do you need to do it? 6 . How many years’ training do you need to do before you can become a doctor in our country? 7 Is it common or unusual for employees to go on a strike in our country? Do you know any examples? 8 For what reasons can people be sacked? For what reasons can people be made redundant? Why do people sometimes resign from their jobs? 9. What help do people get from the government if they are unemployed in our country? In other countries? 10. At what age do men and women usually retire in our country? Do you think this is early, late or about right? Do they usually get a pension? 5. Think about the occupation you would most like to have. What is your ideal job? A. For certain occupations you need specific personal qualities and certain professional skills. Complete the questionnaire below. 1- Would you rather - work with other people; - work on your own; - do paperwork; - do practical work; - work in the office; - work outdoors. 2 . Would you mind - working in the evening; - working at weekends; - working long hours; - doing shift work; - getting up early; - training for several years; - travelling a lot. 75 3. Are you good at - using tools, - designing things - talking to people; - looking after others, - adding up figures, - creative sorts of work. 4. Can you - think clearly; - express yourself well when speaking; - express yourself well when writing; - work in a team. 5. How do you see your­ self? Are you - practical; - independent; organized, - responsible; - strong, - bossy; - punctual, - patient, - accurate; - willing to learn; - fair, - reliable; - friendly; - loyal. 6 . Do you have - good eyesight, - imagination; - a good memory; - determination; - a good sense of humour; - skill, - patience; - confidence in yourself; - energy; - common sense. 7. Which of the following aspects of work do you think is the most impor­ tant? - a good salary; - good conditions of work, - job security; - job satisfaction; - opportunities for creative work; - prospects of promotion. В. Now describe your ideal job. You may use the questionnaire given above as an optional plan for your story. III. Conversation Practice. A Successful Interview Active Vocabulary: casual a CV = Curriculum Vitae face v formal a impression n make an impression job-hunter n list n make a list receptionist n right a seek v sense n common sense 76 небрежный, неформальный резюме, краткая биография сталкиваться формальный, деловой впечатление создать впечатление человек, ищущий работу лист, список составить список, зд. составить список организаций администратор верный, правильный; подходящий искать смысл здравый смысл shake v shake a hand tip” handy tip unemployment n up-to-date a vacancy n трясти, встряхивать пожимать руку намек, совет полезный совет безработица современный, новейший вакансия Language Practice: 1. Match the words (column A) with their definitions in English (column B). A В 1. unemployment a. ceremonial; done according to certain rules; 2 . Curriculum Vitae b. a person in a hotel, office etc who meets visitors and answers the phone; 3. formal c. abilities to do something; 4. to seek d. the state of being without work; lack of jobs; 5. common sense e. scientific study; trying to find out facts; 6 . skills f. to look for, 7. research 8 - summary of biographical details, esp. details of education and work experience; 8 . receptionist h. ordinary good sense 2. Complete the other columns for each word. noun adjective opposite form(ality) formal right handy vacant unemployed impressive casual informal (casual) 3. Find the appropriate continuation for the phrase in column A in column В and make up sentences. A В 1. Nowadays unemployment reaches record levels, which means ... a. right clothes to the interview. 2. To find a job you can first of a l l ... b. because sometimes they have a large say in who gets the job. 3. Before going to the interview you have to make su re ... c. that your CV is up-to-date. 4. You also have to know certain rules on d. check the newspapers for vacancies. 5. You have to be very nice to the receptionist... e. that many people are currently seeking work. 6 . And finally you have to wear ... f. how to make a good impression on the interview. 77 4, Read this conversation between two lawers at a conference. Fill in the blanks with these question words: who what how why when where Klaus: do you do? I’m Klaus Binder. Peter: Nice to meet you. Peter Green. Klaus: Ah! You are giving a talk on satellite launchers. Peter: That’s right. 2 are vou from, Mr. Binder? Klaus: Berlin. Peter: And3 do you work for? Klaus: Sky Television. Peter: Ah, yes! You're giving a talk on transmission systems. Klaus: That's right. Peter: I'd like to hear it. 4 is it? Klaus: After lunch. 5 don't vou come along? Peter: I'd like to . 6 time does it start? 5. You will read s job. Be ready for Interviewer: Jane Webster: Interviewer: Jane Webster: Interviewer: Jane Webster: Interviewer: Jane Webster: i tapescript for the radio interview with a woman advising on how to get a the comprehension check-up. ... So, as unemployment reaches record levels, now is a good time to discuss what you can do to get a job. And we are lucky to have in the studio with us today Jane Webster from the Department of Employment to give some advice to those currently seeking work. Welcome, Jane. Hello. It’s nice to be here. So, how can today’s job-hunters get themselves back into employment? Well, the person seeking work is facing two problems. The first is actually getting an interview and the second is performing well at the interview itself. So let’s start with looking for a job. Firstly, you have to make sure that your CV is up-to-date. Secondly, check the newspapers on regular basis for vacan­ cies. Also make sure you ask your family and friends about work. Another thing you can always do is to make a list of organizations, which need your skills and just send them a copy of your CV. OK, let’s imagine that you have finally got an interview. What should you do to make a good impression? I’m glad you asked me that. Well, many of the things are just common sense, really. For instance, make sure you get enough sleep the night before. That way you will look and feel your best on the day itself. Secondly, make sure you wear the right clothes for the job. If it's an office job you must wear for­ mal clothes, but for a factory or shop job it’s often OK to wear something more casual. But you should always look clean and tidy. And always make sure you arrive, say, ten minutes early. That way you can sit down and relax for a couple of minutes before the interview. And what are the other handy tips? Some “Do’s and Don’ts”? Another good tip is to be extra nice to the receptionist, because in many or­ ganizations she or he often has a surprisingly large say in who gets the job. And when you meet the interviewer smile pleasantly, shake his or her hand but don’t sit down until invited to. I think I don’t need to add that you shouldn’t smoke or chew gum To the end of the interview, the interviewer may ask you if you have any questions, so try to think of one or two intelli- 78 gent ones before the interview. This is easier if you have found out something about the organization, done some research, so to speak. And finally, when the interview is over, never ask if you have got the job. If the interviewer wants to tell you, then he or she will. Interviewer: Well, thank you, Jane. I’m sure many of our listeners will have found that very helpful. Comprehension Check: 1. Complete the sentences according to the information given in the dialogue above. 1 The two problems for those currently seeking work are______ 2. It’s important that your C V ____________________________ . 3. After you have a CV you should________________________ . 4. The night before the interview you should______________ . 5 For a job interview you should wear_______________ . 6 . You should also b e ________________ to the receptionist. 7. Don’t _______________ before the interviewer asks you to do so. 8 . During the interview you shouldn’t ____________________ or_________ , 2. Choose the correct item. 1. Up to fifty per cent of job vacancies never ge t_____ in the newspapers. A. to advertising B. advertise C. advertised 2 You sent us your CV and it looks very_______________________ . A. impressing B. impressive C. unimpressive 3. I see that you graduated____ McMillan College last year A out of В from C. in 4. The covering letter is a document that accompanies your CV when you are _for a job. A. looking B. reading C. applying 5. The goal of the covering letter is to _the employer’s question: “Why should I hire this person?” A. answer B. ask C. discuss 6 . Ideally, a covering letter consists of four_________________. A. lines B. pages C. paragraphs 7. It should____ your skills and qualifications that make you the right person for the posi­ tion you are applying for. A. investigate B. list C. examine 8 . You should also_____your interest for the skills you are going to learn if you get the job. A. show B. hide C. outline 9. Wait at least two weeks since the day you sent your application before_____in case you didn’t get any answer. A writing again В writing back C. writing about 3. A. A chemical company is recruiting a sales manager to work in South America. Read the interviewer’s notes. CANDIDATE: Celia Hill POST: Sales Manager, Chile 79 EXPERIENCE OF WORKING FOR A LARGE MANUFACTURING COMPANY; Yes, with British Aerospace (1992-1997) and Total (1997-present) ■j EXPERIENCE OF A POSITION OR RESPONSIBILITY: Yes, Assistant Sales Manager (1996-1997) and Sales Manager (1997- present) EXPERIENCE OF A CHEMICAL INDUSTRY: Yes, she had a job with ICI before she went to college EXPERIENCE OF LIVING AND WORKING ABROAD: No, and she can't speak Spanish either B. Complete the passage. Put the verbs into the Past Simple or the Present Perfect. In some ways Ms Hill is an ideal candidate for this post. She is knowledgeable, intelli­ gent and adaptable. She has had (have) sales experience with two large manufacturing com­ panies: she worked (work) for British Aerospace for six years, and she 1______(work) for Total since 1997. She 2_______ (be) an assistant sales manager for two years at BA and 3______(be) a sales manager since she joined Total. She has also had direct experience in the chemical industry. She4_______(have) a job with ICI before she went to college. The problem is she5______(never learn) Spanish. She speaks Italian well, but that’s no use in Chile. 4. A. Choose the correct answers to the questions of the interviewer from the list below. Interviewer: Hello, Miss Brooks. Thank you for coming. Please, sit down. Applicant: 1_____ Interviewer: Firstly, where did you see the advert for this post? Applicant: 2_____ Interviewer: Mmmm Now, have you brought your CV with you? Applicant: 3_____ Interviewer: Thank you. Could you tell me a bit about your qualifications? Applicant: 4_____ Interviewer: What sort of diploma is that? Applicant: 5_____ Interviewer: Fine. Could you tell me about any relevant experience you have? Applicant: 6_____ Interviewer: Would you mind telling me why you left? Applicant: 7_____ Interviewer: I see. Now, if you were offered a post, would you be able to start straight away? Applicant: 8_____ Interviewer: Excellent. Now, is there anything you would like to know about us? Applicant: 9_____ Interviewer: Of course The normal office hours are 9 am. to 5 p.m., with an hour for lunch. But we are quite flexible about this. Applicant: 10_____ Interviewer: Well, the starting salarv is £750 a month. After 6 months, the salary increases by 10%. Applicant: 11_____ Interviewer: Well, do you have any more questions you’d like to ask? Applicant: 12____ _ 80 Inten’iewer: We have a few more people to see, but we hope to reach a decision by Friday. We’ll be in touch by the end of the week Applicant: 13_____ Interviewer: Good bye. And thank you. A. It’s a secretarial and business diploma. В Thank you. C. Yes, of course. D No, I don’t think so. When can I expect to hear from you? E I saw it in last Friday’s Evening Post. F That sounds fine. Could you tell me what salary I could expect? G Thank you for your time. Goodbye. H Yes. I worked at Francobank for 2 years, as a personal secretary to the director. I. Oh, that sounds good. J. Yes, I have a few questions. Could you please tell me what the working hours will be? К Yes, here you are L Well, the salary was fairly good, but there were no promotion prospects, so I decided to resign and look for something more challenging. M. Of course. I left school with 2 “A” levels in English and French. Then I did a diploma at Crewe College. B. Working in pairs, act out a job interview similar to the one above and using expressions from the list below. What is/are..... Would you be able to ... I’d very much appreciate . Would you mind ... Could you tell me ... 5. Just for fun. Match the sentences below e.g. Managers don't make mistakes. П еу 1. Managers don’t arrive late. 2 . Managers don’t read the newspaper 3. Managers don’t forget things. 4 Managers don’t sleep. 5 Managers don’t buy new toys. 6 . Employees don’t have good ideas. to make rules like the one in the example. test their staff. a. They collect information b. They think with their eyes shut. c. They invest in new technology. d. They are unavoidably delayed. e. If they do, they’re the managers’ ideas. f. Their employees forget to remind them. IV. Reading and Writing. Writing a CV Active Vocabulary: advert n рекламное объявление, реклама apply for v обращаться с просьбой, за чем - либо available а доступный, имеющийся в распоряжении encourage v поощрять experience п опыт font п шрифт letter я письмо covering letter сопроводительное письмо layout п план, схема list v составлять список 81 objective n цель, стремление overview я обзор part а неполный, частичный part-time work частичная занятость persuade v убеждать purpose п цель .___ recent а последний, недавний reference п рекомендация require v требовать, нуждаться thesis п диссертация willing а готовый worth а достойный, заслуживающий worth considering достойный, заслуживающий рассмотрения, зд. заслужи­ вающий, чтобы с ним считались Language Practice: 1. Match the words in column A and in column В to make word combinations. A В 1. to persuade a. advert 2 . to apply b. experience 3. covering c. the person to read your CV 4. to have a rich d.letter 5. to write e. work 6 . a newspaper f a thesis 7. part-time g for a job 2. Complete the crossword. Across: 1. something gained by living through dif­ ferent situations; e.g. I have n o _____of working as a car mechanic 4. a full assortment of type of a particular size and face; e.g. In your CV do not use many_____ types. 5. to give someone the confidence to do Down: 2 . announcement that something is for sale/is wanted; e.g. I’m putting an _____in the paper. 3. report on someone’s character, skills, abilities, etc.; e.g. She was given a very good_____ from her last job. 6 . aim, plan; 82 something; e.g. I _____him to apply for this job. 7 explanatory letter sent with a form or CV; e.g. When sending a CV you must also include a _____. 8 abbreviation for Curriculum Vitae; e.g. Your___ _ should be easy to read, short and attractive. 10. questioning (by one or more people) of a person applying for a job, e.g. I have written many job applications but I have only been asked for one 12 fixed payment made to an employee usually once a month, e.g. He was not satisfied with his___ e.g. What’s th e_____of your research work? 9 which took place not long ago; e g. It was mentioned in Prime Minis­ ter’s _____speech. 11. long piece of written research, done for a higher university degree; e g. He finally completed his_____in theoretical mechanics. 3. Translate the following sentences into English. 1 Если Вы ищете работу, очень важно понимать, как лучше представить себя работодателю. 2 Постарайтесь собрать как можно больше информации о работодателе. 3. Ваше резюме (автобиография) должно легко читаться, быть кратким и привлекательным. 4. Обычно длина резюме (автобиографии) не должна превышать двух листов. 5. Нет необходимости использовать слишком много различных шрифтов. Однако нужно оставить поля. 6 . Когда Вы отправляете резюме работодателю, не забудьте про сопроводительное письмо, которое должно быть адресовано конкретному человеку 4. Read the text and be ready for comprehension check - up. Writing a CV If you are looking for a job, then it is very important that you understand how to offer yourself in the best way to an employer. This is done by writing a 'CV' (Curriculum Vitae - Latin for 'life story1), called in some countries a 'resume' WHAT IS A CV RESUME FOR? A CV resume is an 'advert' to sell yourself to an employer. You should send a CV to an employer when they ask for one in a job advert, or when you are enquiring if any jobs are available. So the purpose of your CV is to make you attractive, interesting, worth considering to the company and so receive a job interview. • Your CV must be as good as you can make it. GENERAL ADVICE A CV should be constructed on a word-processor (or at least typed), well laid out and printed on a good quality printer. Do use bold or underline print for headings. Do not use lots of different font types and sizes. You are not designing a magazine cover! Do use plenty of white space, and a good border round the page. Do use the spell-check on your computer! Or check that the spelling is correct in some way Because you are using a computer you can easily change the layout and the way you write your CV for different employers. • So your CV must be easy to read, short and attractive. 83 Before you start, sit down with a piece of paper. Look at the job(s) that you are applying for. Consider how your skills, education, and experience compare with the skills that the job requires. How much information do you have about the job description? Personal details Name, home address, college address, phone number, E-mail address, date o f birth. Do you have your own web homepage? Include it (if its good!). If your name does not obviously show if you are male or female, include this! Education Give places of education where you have studied - most recent education first Include subject options taken in each year of your course. Include any special project or thesis. Work experience List your most recent experience first. Give the name of your employer, job title, and very important, what you actually did and achieved in that job. Part-time work should be included. Skills Ability in other languages, computing experience, or possession of a driving licence should be included References Usually give two names - one from your place of study, and one from any work situa­ tion you have had. Make sure that referees are willing to give you a reference. Give their day and evening phone numbers if possible. Length. Maybe all you need to say will fit onto one sheet of A4. But do not crowd it - you will probably need two sheets Do not normally go longer than this. Put page numbers at the bottom of the pages - a little detail that may impress. Optional extras. It can be good to start with a Personal Profile/Objective statement. This is a two or three sentence overview of your skills, qualities, hopes, and plans. It should encourage the employer to read the rest. Covering letter. When sending in a CV or job application form, you must include a covering letter. The purpose of the letter is: to make sure that the CV arrives on the desk of the correct person. Take the trouble to telephone, and find the name of the person who will be dealing with applications or CVs, and address your letter, and envelope, to that person by name. to persuade the person to read your CV; to clearly say what job you are interested in; to say why you want that particular job with that particular employer; also mention when you are available for an interview. Ending your letter with a request for specific extra information may give a positive response Comprehension Check: 1. Decide if the following statements are True (T) or False (F). 1. □ It’s not of prime importance to understand how to offer yourself to an employer in the best way. 2. D A CV is simply an “advert” to sell you to an employer. 3. □ The purpose of the CV is to receive a job interview. 4. □ Never use bold or underline font for headings in your CV. 5. □ Margins are not necessary. 6 . D A CV must be short. 7 □ It’s important to include information about your hobbies and favourite pastimes into a CV to make it more exciting 84 g □ When you write about education, you list your most recent education first. The same rule qualifies for the work experience 9 О Information about part-time work should be omitted 10. □ Covering letter must always accompany your CV. j. Read the following CV and decide what information should not be included into i t Put he information into the right order. Marital status: Education and qualifications: 1984 - 1994 1994- 1999 Date of birth: Name: Telephone number: Parents: Previous address: Work experience: August 1999 - present Oct 1998-M ay 2001 Present address: Other information: E-mail address: Hobbies: Curriculum Vitae single Minsk State Economical College Intematsionalnaya Str. 40, Minsk 220030 Belarus Belarusian National Technical University Skorina Ave. 65, Minsk 220027 Belarus February 7, 1977 Alexander Yegorov + 375 172 71 40 40 Andrei A. Yegorov Olga V. Yegorova 12 Alibegova Str., apt. 158 Minsk 220050, Republic of Belarus Institution: Belarusian National Technical University Skorina Ave. 65, Minsk 220027 Belarus Post: Assistant, Department of Automotive Engineer­ ing Company: Belarusian Automobile Communications Jacob Kolos Str. 15, Minsk 220013 Belarus Type of company: organization of automobile trans­ portation within Belarus and abroad Post: Manager Responsibilities: Dealing with correspondence, dealing with home and overseas enquiries, placing and moni­ toring of the orders with foreign suppliers 11 Surganova Str., apt 47 Minsk 220013, Republic of Belarus While working I have also attended 3-year courses of English at the Linguistic University and completed a course of modern management techniques (private and public) in the Republic of Belarus. a_yegorov@yahoo.com lawn tennis, billiards, travelling 85 3. Read the following example of the covering letter and punctuate it oleg astapenko 24 golubeva str apt 257 minsk 220116 belarus tel 375 17 271 12 17minsk december 1st 2003 mr patrick seless computers association 18 klara zetkin str minsk 220051 belarus tei. 375 17 211 00 20 dear mr seless i’m following up with our conversation on monday november 25th regarding my possible work for computers association in Minsk i am interested in the position of a webmaster my qualifications are based on a combination of coursework and experience i have a bachelor of technical sciences degree in programming at the university i have taken extra courses on modern web design techniques and on antivirus programming through coursework i have also gained a good command of spoken and written english and written german in addition to my experience working as a part-time assistant to head programmer at ibm enabled me to obtain the skills of dealing with internet communications working as a system administrator i was able to improve my skills as i had to prepare templates of different kinds and design spread­ sheets and advertisements for the employer currently i am employed as a senior programmer at netscape agency i believe my educational background and my work experience qualifies me for consideration for the position of a webmaster this position is particularly appealing to me because temporary work at computers association has awakened my interest in the field of web design and i hope that my skills can be of value to ca as it prepares to expand and advance in the republic of belarus i appreciate your consideration and look forward to speaking with you soon sincerely oleg astapenko enclosures CV. 4. Now you have to write your personal CV and a covering letter for it Theoretical issues on how to write a CV are given in the text Practical samples can be found in exercises П and Ш above. You may apply to any job/position you like in any city/country of the world. 86 Unit 6.Meeting. Discussing. Learning I. Reading and Speaking. International Student Conference Active Vocabulary: accessibility n доступность, общедоступность charge n цена; p i расходы, издержки free of charge бесплатно contribute v вносить вклад discussion n обсуждение; прения, дискуссия panel discussion групповое обсуждение (проблемы) enlargement n расширение, увеличение event n событие express v выражать, высказывать goal n цель head v направляться hold v проводить influence n влияние integration n интеграция (объединение в одно целое) introduce v вводить, внедрять join v присоединяться notion n идея, представление, знание participate v принимать участие proceed v продолжать stationary a неподвижный, неизменный workshop n семинар Language Practice: 1. Match the word combinations with their Russian equivalents. 1. continuous enlargement a. участвовать в групповом обсуждении во­ 2 . the main goal of the event проса 3. to give notion b. вводить евро (валюту) 4. to express smb’s point of view c. динамичная (действующая) Европа 5. to participate in panel discussion d вращаться вокруг какого-либо вопроса 6 . to take part in a workshop e. выражать чью-либо точку зрения 7. to introduce the euro (currency) f. основная цель события 8 . high-society politics S давать представление 9. to evolve around some theme h. непрерывное расширение 10. dynamic Europe i. i. политика высших кругов принимать участие в семинаре 2. There is an extra word in every sentence. Cross out this word. 1. Students of the Eindhoven University of Technology decided to organise of their own international event. 87 2. Fifty students from all European countries took the part in the first conference. In nowa­ days the total number of participants often exceeds five hundred. 3 The main aim of all student conferences is to promote international friendship and to understanding between different cultures. 4. As a rule, every conference has its main theme and every participants take an insight in it during workshops and panel discussions. 5. To take part in any conference one person has to complete an application form and write a short resume, essay or article on the problem which to be discussed 6 . With the improved means of communication all required documents may to be sent via E-mail. 7. Usually it takes just a some few days to get feedback from the Organizing Committee of the conference. 3. Geographical names can be used with or without the definite article. Use the where nec­ essary. 1. I went to the International Congress of Biologists in ___ France last year, but I haven’t been to any conference in____Netherlands yet. 2. After the first panel discussion all participants took a tour o f___ Dover and marvelled at ___English Channel. 3. There was a tense discussion between the Professor from___ USA and his colleague from ___Republic o f___ China. 4. The next Annual Archaeological Conference will take place o n ___Corfu Island in ___ Mediterranean Sea. 5. The mystic triangle near___ Bermuda Islands has always been a great puzzle for the scientists and common people interested in paranormal activities. 6 . There was a breath-taking view on___ Swiss Alps from large windows of the conference hall. 7. When a student, Tom took part in the international volunteer event in ___ northern Can­ ada. The wild landscapes on___north of___ Canada impressed him a lot. 8 This article by Dano Giovanni was criticized in the last issue of the magazine on atomic energy published in ___Hague. 4. Read the text and be ready for comprehension check-up. European Week Eindhoven The idea for organizing an international student conference at the Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands was first picked up in 1988. Having visited international congresses, a group of its students became very enthusiastic. Therefore they decided to or­ ganize their own international event. Fifty students from all over Europe participated in this first week. The main goal of the event was to stimulate European integration and international friendship between students in Europe. This initiative was proceeded in 1991. This year the first official European Week Eind­ hoven was held. About 400 students from Europe came to Eindhoven to participate. It became a big success. In 1993, 1995, 1997, 1999 and 2001 similar weeks were held. During the EWE's many internationally known speakers like Jacques Santer (former chairman of the European Parliament) and former Dutch Minister of foreign affairs Jozias Van Aartsen have made the European W'eeks unforgettable. The goals of the European Week Eindhoven are as follows: • Giving notion to European students on actual European development by actively letting them join discussions • Contributing to the integration of Europe by bringing students from many cultures together in both formal and informal programme. • Accessibility for all European students by letting them participate free of charge. Every EWE has its own theme With this theme and day themes the participants will take part in congresses, panel discussions and workshops. For instance, EWE 2003 will evolve around the theme: Dynamic Europe. Passengers on a stationary journey. Europe is changing over time on political, economical and cultural levels. From all over Europe the participants will come to join the week. Some participants are inhabitants of the EU, but some are not Although we are all inhabitants of Europe. Do we actually feel Euro­ pean? Do we care about the Europe in which we live? And if so, do we have any influence on how Europe is changing, or is it just high-society politics in Brussels? In other words, are we indeed passengers, or can we really become travellers and decide for ourselves in what direc­ tion Europe is heading for? If you look at Europe from your own point of view, you can see your own city or country while everything in Europe is changing around you. Lately many countries have introduced the European currency, the euro, and Europe's continuous enlarge­ ment is also going on. Things are happening and we are travelling without moving! To express your point of view on the questions discussed every student can join Euro­ pean Week Eindhoven or visit www.europeanweek org. Comprehension Check: 1. Answer the questions using the information from the text about European Week Eind- hoven. 1. When and where did the idea to organize EWE appear? 2 . How many students participated in the first EWE conference? Was it a success? 3. What are the goals of EWE? 4. What is the theme of EWE 2003? 5. Would you like to take part in EWE? W'hy/why not? 6 . Are there any other similar international events you know? 7 What do you personally think about such international events? 2. Read the following passages about the international student conference in Copenhagen, Denmark and insert the necessary prepositions. From 28 June 1_____7 July 2001 23 students 2_____ 14 countries met in Copenhagen to discuss societal and gender issues related to science and technology 3_____the new mil­ lennium. The occasion was an international student conference in Copenhagen organized 4_____Student Pugwash Denmark that consisted 5_ ____a three days pre-conference fol­ lowed by participation in the World Wide Wisdom arranged 6_____the organization GASAT (Gender And Science And Technology). The purpose 7_____the student pre-conference was partly to initiate a lasting net work between socially responsible students interested in societal and gender issues related to science and technology, and partly to prepare the students8_____ participation in the “senior” GASAT10 conference. _____the student conference we discussed what kind of science and technology we think can make the World a better place. 10_____the next 50 years our planet will face serious consequences of Scientific, Technological, and Industrial development, which will call for new types of global solutions. In what way should scientists and engineers contribute 11_____ this process? 89 3. Nowadays many young people are involved in ecological programmes organized by Greenpeace. Read the following text about Greenpeace organization and fill in the gaps with the words and word combinations from the box. j Over the last two decades, participates, example, headquarters, in harmony, many others, j____________________ three million, fishing boat, newspapers, planet___________________ Greenpeace began in 1971, when a small group of people set sail in a 1_____from Van­ couver, Canada, to express their opposition to US nuclear testing. Their courage and com­ mitment, and the non-violent form of protest, set an 2_____that thousands of people have since followed in an attempt to bring about a cleaner, greener and more peaceful3_____on which humankind and the rest of the natural world can live 4 s_____, Greenpeace has grown to campaign on a wide variety of issues that threaten the quality of the environment Greenpeace science units and mobile laboratories, together with a network of consultants, provide the scientific research and analysis on which campaigns are based. The information that Greenpeace produces is made public through reports, 6_____and television. Greenpeace also 7_____, directly or as an observer, in many international organi­ zations and conventions, including the United Nations Environmental Programme, the Euro­ pean Union, the International Whaling Commission, and 8_____ . Today, Greenpeace has offices in 32 countries and more than 9_____supporters world­ wide. Greenpeace's international10 is based in Amsterdam. 4. Below you can see three announcements for different students conferences. Read all of them and choose the one you would like to visit most. Explain your choice and try to give the approximate working plan of the conference (what questions will be discussed, what places will be visited, what other social events will be included into the programme, etc.) A. International Student Pugwash Conference on Science and Disarmament Wadham College, Oxford, i f 1 - i f ' December 2004 Pugwash is an international organization of young leading scientists who are concerned with reducing the danger of armed conflicts and seeking cooperative solutions for global problems, historically focussing on nuclear disarmament. The first international student con­ ference will be held this December in Oxford B. 2004 Annual Student Conference on the Science and Technology 8- 11 September 2004 Friends Meeting House, Euston Road, London Science today is at a crossroads. More and more questions are being asked about whether scientific research is 'ethical'. - So can scientists now be trusted to contribute to a more just and sustainable society? - If not, what changes need to occur? - And how can we make sure these changes are not simply Public Relations exercises? C. The WISE Student Workshop July 11 - July 17 2004, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. WISE (World Information Service on Energy) was set up by safe-energy activists in 1978 to function as an international switchboard for local and national safe-energy groups around the world who want to exchange information and support one another. The main focus of WISE is on nuclear energy. WISE has its international main office in Amsterdam.One of WISE's 90 activities is the English language publication of the WISE News Communique (NC), published twenty times a year by WISE Amsterdam Parts of the NC are translated into Japanese, Czech, Russian, and Ukranian. Twice a year WISE publishes a NC Special on issues like "Chernobyl: Ten Years of Disaster", "Uranium Mining in Europe"; "Environmental Racism", "Energy and Development". II. Listening and Speaking. 2005 World Year o f Physics Active Vocabulary: approve v catalyst n community n coordinate v declare v drain n Brain Drain establish v forum n launch v launch an initiative liaison n oath n Scientists’ Oath promote v promote interests revolve v trend n venue n venue of the meeting Language Practice: 1. Match the words (column A) with their definitions in English (column B). А В 1. Brain Drain a. the place where something is arranged to happen 2 trend b. a public discussion 3. venue c. a departure of highly intelligent people to other countries in order to work for higher salaries 4. catalyst d. to give a start 5. liaison e. a thing or event that causes changes to happen, but without taking part in those changes 6 . launch f. a general tendency in the way a situation is developing 7. forum g. a working association or connection 2. Choose which of the mentioned word combinations are most likely to be found in the booklet giving details about the coming scientific conference. a. application deadline; g. beautiful environment; одобрять катализатор общность координировать, согласовывать объявлять, провозглашать утечка, расход “утечка мозгов” (массовая эмиграция образованных людей) устанавливать собрание, заседание, форум начинать, предпринимать выдвигать инициативу связь; посредник клятва «клятва ученого» способствовать, помогать, поддерживать содействовать интересам вращаться направление, тенденция место совершения действия место встречи 91 b. conference venue; c. movie review, h. comfortable conference hall; e. panel discussion; f. main protagonists; d. plenary session; i. comfortable arm-chair; j. latest news and events; k. current political events; 1. conference schedule. 3. Translate the following sentences into English. All the underlined words are taken from active vocabulary list. 1. Какова скорость реакции? Вы использовали катализатор? 2. Образцы такого размера былы одобрены экспертами. 3. Сколько времени требуется, чтобы согласовать результаты последних экспериментов? 4. Мы уже наладили связи с лабораторией ядерной физики университета Нью- Джерси. 5 Их американские коллеги выдвинули инициативу не использовать обогащенный уран в этом опыте. 6 . 2005 год будет провозглашен всемирным годом физики. 7. Что написано в буклете о месте проведения конференции? 4. Arrange the words in the right order to make up correct sentences. 1. The/1 l th/Conference/in/held/will/Intemational/on/be/Laser/Optics/Minsk. 2 . specialists/a/and/in/science/It/of/provide/fields/laser/technology/will/foru m/for/all. 3. community/traditional/The/is/meeting/laser/conference/a/of. 4. is/on/It/laser/Eastern/in/conference/Europe/largest/the. 5. English/the/is/conference/official/the/language/of. 5.Listen to the text and be ready for comprehension check-up. The European Physical Society has launched an initiative by declaring year 2005 the World Year o f Physics (WYP). The World Congress of Physical Societies held in Berlin in December 2000 approved this initiative followed jay the EPS Council in March 2001. The European Physical Society provides an international forum for physicists and acts as a federation of national physical societies. Founded in 1968, the EPS now has over 3400 physicists from a variety of occupations as individual members, and brings together 38 na­ tional physical societies - which represent 80,000 physicists from the countries of Europe that have an active physics community. The EPS works to promote the interests of physics in Europe. Its activities revolve around the themes of promoting excellent physics research, supplying a European view on important questions relating to physics, and acting as a catalyst bringing together physicists in different countries, and a liaison between physicists working in different fields. The Council, which meets once a year, establishes the strategic orientation of the society. The EPS has prepared a series of papers on a variety of topics, such as the Brain Drain and the Scientists' Oath. One of the roles of the European Physical Society is to coordi­ nate international physics conferences in Europe. The Society protects the interests of physi­ cists by insisting on high scientific standards Without exception, all the scientific meetings in which EPS plays a role must be open to participants without restrictions based on sex, nationality, race or religion. The organizers must choose the venue of the meeting in such a way that the local legislation will not interfere with this rule. The 12th general conference of the European Physical Society, "Trends in Physics" was held in Budapest, Hungary, from Monday 26 to Friday 30 August 2003. The first meeting of the series in the new millennium brought together 483 scientists, teachers and students from different fields of physics from Europe and around the world. The conference venue was the 2005 World Year o f Physics 92 physics Building of the E6tv0s Lorand University located in South Buda, situated along the banks of the Danube river. Address: Budapest, 1117, Pazmany Peter setany 1/a. On-site phone/fax num ber: +36 1 3722575 C omprehension Check: 1. Decide if the following statements are True (T) or False (F). 1. Year 2005 will be declared the world year of nuclear physics. 2 The EPS (European Physical Society) acts as a federation of national physical societies. 3 The EPS currently has over 3400 physicists, and links together 39 national physical so­ cieties. 4. The EPS works to promote the interests of physics in the whole world. 5. The Council meets once a year and establishes the strategic orientation of the society. 6 The ESP has prepared a series of papers on different topics such as "The Role of Techni­ cal Progress in Everyday Life" and "Should Nuclear Testing Be Banned"? 7 The 12 general conference of the EPS is going to be held in Budapest, Hungary. 2. All these abbreviations are connected with science and research. Match each abbrevia­ tion with its decoding. What does it mean in Russian? Try to give the most precise transla­ tion. 1. IAEA a. American Association of University Professors 2. EPS b. United Nations Development Programme 3. UNDP c. Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe 4. AAAS d. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 5. AAUP e. European Physical Society 6 . IBRD f. American Association for the Advancement of Science 7. OSCE g. International Atomic Energy Agency 3. Read the following passages about Robert Oppenheimer and arrange them in this order. 1. Childhood 2. Years of study at Harvard 3. University of California 4. Post-war time A. After graduating from his high school, he spent a summer in the mountains of New Mexico, and then he came back to begin university studies at Harvard in 1922. His career at Harvard was legendary. While it was normal to take five courses per semester, he took six and, at the same time, sat in on the additional four. And these were only the courses for which he received credit: he audited courses plus foreign languages and literature studies, not to mention his writing of shortstories and poetry. He graduated from Harvard with highest hon­ ours in only three years, instead of four. B. After the war and up to his death in 1967, Oppenheimer was a participant in the de­ bate about the social consequences of atomic energy. For this activity he was atrongly attacked by his own government, especially at the height of the Cold War in 1954, in 1963 he received the US Atomic Energy Comission's prestigious Fermi prize. C. Robert Oppenheimer was born in New York City on April 22, 1904. Growing up in very comfortable surroundings, Robert enjoyed a protected childhood When very young, he became intensely interested in science, particularly physics, chemistry and geology At the age of twelve he lectured before the New York Mineralogical Club, which received him with 93 the mixture of admiration and surprise: from the intellectual level of the letters he had been writing to this organization, it was assumed he was an adult. But, as is the case with many gifted children, while his intellectual progress was more rapid than normal, his physical de­ velopment lagged behind. Sicknesses of various kinds attacked him during the early years. D. After a number of years o f study abroad, Oppenheimer received his PhD in theoreti­ cal physics from the University of Gottingen in 1927. As a professor at the University of Cali­ fornia and California Institute of Technology, he left his imprint on the development of phys­ ics in the United States up to the outbreak of World War II. In 1943 the US government ap­ pointed him director of the Los Almos laboratory, from which he had to coordinate and lead the efforts of American scientists in the race to beat the Germans to the atomic bomb. As a true humanist, he tried to see a positive side even in his participation in this terrible project. 4. What do you think on Brain Drain? A. Answer the following questions: 1. How can Brain Drain influence the country's intellectual potential? Does it have any influence on the living standard? 2. Can you think of any recent cases of Brain Drain from Belarus? 3. Would you like to emigrate after you graduate? Why? Why not? 4 If you emigrate, what job do you think you will find abroad? 5. Will you be able to emigrate alone? Do you believe it's easier to emigrate with the whole family? 6 Will you easily adapt to the new surroundings? B. This passage is taken from one of the articles, written by a group of scientists from Rus­ sia. Read it and answer the questions given below. . . .One of the serious obstacles which retards economic growth in Russia and several de­ veloping countries is the Brain Drain Unfortunately in this case an "invisible hand” seems to fail and lead to a non-desirable outcome for the country - emigration of talented specialists. Standard method of protection of home industry - banning of emigration - cannot be imple­ mented in democratic society. However we have managed to construct other subtler tools to solve this problem We introduce into consideration “credit history1': since education is costly it may make sense to give loans for it instead of providing it free of charge. And these credits are not to be repaid if the person decides to stay in his home country. Also we consider the question o f necessity of elite educational institutes. We show that under certain conditions they are capable of transforming from institutions which foster Brain Drain problem into one of the instruments of solving this problem... Do you agree that this is the right way to solve the problem? What way would you suggest? III. Conversation Practice. Visiting an Industrial Enterprise Active Vocabulary: access n доступ admit v допускать, соглашаться benefit n выгода, польза, преимущество comply v выполнять, осуществлять, подчиняться demand v требовать effective a действенный, эффективный ensure v обеспечивать, гармонировать foundry n литье, литейная, литейный цех halfway adv на полпути installation п установка pollution п загрязнение (окруж. среды) pride п гордость supervision п наблюдение, контроль wages п р! заработок, доход welding п сварка Language Practice: 1. In the box you will find the words from active vocabulary and their derivatives. Group them according to the part of speech they belong to. Translate them into Russian. comply, inaccessible, install, polluted, proud, demand, effect, weld, access, admittance, bene- ( fit, ensure, installation, foundry, pollute, compliance, supervisor, beneficial, admit, effective- _____________________________________ ness____________________________________ 1. Noun. _____ 2. Verb: _____ 3. Adjective: _____ 2. Match the word combinations with their English equivalents. 1 access denied 2 . 1 have to admit 3. raw materials 4. fair wages 5. financial benefit 6 to ensure success 7. complex installations 8 up-to-date equipmentent h. о контроль 9 special supervision i, сырьё 10. pollution control j. современное оборудование a. обеспечивать успех b. надо признать c. финансовая выгода d. сложные установки e. контроль за загрязнением f. доступ запрещен g достойный заработок 3. Match the words from two columns and make up word combinations. 1. easy a. special attention 2 steel b. results 3. to have an area c. with regulations 4. to pay d. access 5. to demand e. about 300 acres 6 satisfactory f. the problem 7. to solve g workplace 8 . to comply h. foundry 9. stable i. high qualification 4. Read the dialogue and be ready for comprehension chek-up. A Visit to Morrison Steel Casting Co Young spesialists in the field of foundry from Belarus Irina Orlova and Andrei Ivtschik are visiting one of the oldest and most successful steel foundries. They are talking to the vice- president of the company Mr. Daniel Lee 95 Andrei: Mr. Lee: Andrei: Mr. Lee: Irina: Mr. Lee: Andrei: Mr. Lee: Irina: Mr. Lee: Andrei: Mr. Lee: Irina: Mr. Lee: Irina: Mr. Lee: Andrei: Mr. Lee: Irina: Mr. Lee: Irina: Mr. Lee: Andrei: Mr. Lee: Irina: Good morning, Mr. Lee! Glad to see you again, this time in your home coun­ try, though. Good morning, Alex! Welcome to Harrison Steel. Let me introduce you Irina Orlova, my colleague. Nice to meet you, Ms. Orlova. My pleasure, Mr. Lee. I'm pleased to see you here and I will be glad to answer any questions you are interested in. As far as I remember, you said once on the conference that Harrison Steel is one of the oldest and largest casting companies in the USA. Oh, yes. You are right. It was founded in 1906 and cover an area of about 300 acres. On our way to the plant we paid attention to its very convenient location. That's true. Our company is situated about halfway between Chicago and Indi­ anapolis and has easy access to highways and railroads It ensures cost effec­ tive transportation of raw materials and finished products. We believe that it is not the only reason for your success. To my mind, the company's staff and equipment are an important source of its strength Exactly so. Our philosophy is to provide the staff with a stable workplace, fair wages and benefits. It is not at all unusual to have two and sometimes three generations of a family working here. How impressive. Such statistics can serve as the best advertisement for your enterprise. Thank you, Ms. Orlova. Aill you please show us the catalogues of the equipment? We'd like to have a look at the up-to-date items? No problem with that. In this one you will find a detailed description of every­ thing you need. Thank you. Irina, look at this. What an interesting system. It would be useful for us to get acquainted with its work. You mean gas-fired scrap preheater and charging system*? No wonder. It's our pride ... ., Could you tell us a few words about worker training, please? No doubt, such complex installations demand only high-qualified workers. I absolutely agree. Careful attention is given to personal training on the job with special supervision. And what's special supervision? Each candidate must be tested on theory and practice of welding. A candidate is admitted only in case of satisfactory results. Excuse me. Speaking about foundry technology we can't but mention the pollution control. How is this problem solved at Marrison Steel? Thirty five dust collectors can clean the air enough to comply with all federal and local regulations. In addition, a dry pneumatic sand reclamation system is operating successfully. Thanks a lot, Mr. Lee Our meeting was very useful and impressive. But as they say "Words are but wind, but seeing is believing" and we'd like to look round the plant. yfr.Lee: Certainly, you are very welcome Mr Johnson will keep you company and answer all the questions that will arise See you in my office in an hour or so . . •gas-fired scrap preheater and charging system газовый подогреватель скрапа (отходов сталеплавильных цехов) и зарядная система. Comprehension Check: 1. Decide if the following statements are True (T) or False (F). 1. □ Andrei Ivtschik has never met Daniel Lee before 2. □ Harrison Steel is situated in the USA. 3 . □ Harrison Steel was founded after World War II 4. □ The convenient location of this enterprise ensures cost effective transportation of both raw materials and finished products. 5. □ The company's administration tries to provide the employees with a stable workplace and fair wages. 6 □ Unfortunately, for the moment of visit there were no up-to-date catalogues available. 7. □ The Harrison Steel pays much attention to pollution control. The company has 35 dust collectors. 8 . □ The meeting was very useful especially because the visitors had a chance to see the actual work of the plant. 2. Look through the following extract about the role of science in our life. Fill in the neces­ sary prepositions. It is science that does us good or does it bring disaster? To answer the question whether science does us good or does it brings disaster isn't a simple task. We should take 1_____consideration many facts. 2______the one hand a lot 3____ outstanding discoveries made the life of the people more comfortable and pleasant. 4_____scientific discoveries and inventions no progress would be possible. Thanks 5_____ discovery of electricity we can listen 6_____the radio, watch TV, see films, people learned how to produce steel and metal alloys - now we use railways and airplanes. Development7_____chemistry led 8_____ new synthetic fibers and people got more clothing and food. People learned to use scientific achievements 9_____curing incurable earlier diseases. But 10_____the other hand such outstanding discoveries 11_____ the 20th century as atom fission led to creation of the weapons of mass destruction. We should say that science has a potential12_____both good and evil. 3. Read the following passage about the Nuclear Power Plant in the Ukraine. Replace the words in the brackets with their antonyms. Rivne Nuclear Power Plant (RNPP) is situated on the territory of the Ukraine, 1_____(far) the Styr river. Rivne NPP's history 2_____(finished) in 1971 when the designing of the West-Ukraine NPP commenced. Later, the plant was ___ _(taken) a new name - Rivne NPP. Rivne NPP is the 4_____(last) nuclear power plant with the WER-440 (B-213) reactors (pressurized water reactor type). The construction of the plant 5_____(finished) in 1973. First two WER-440 power units had been put into operation in 1980-1981 and the third WER-1000 power unit in 1986. In 6_____(late) 1989 a Commission of the IAEA 7____(relaxed) at Rivne NPP. It was composed of the leading specialists from Japan, USA, Canada, France, Germany, Finland and other countries. Foreign specialists and observers highly appreciated NPP 8____ (danger) level. The European Union has chosen Rivne NPP as a lead plant for the implementation o f9_____(local) projects. The 10_____(distinction) of Unit 97 № 4 started in 1984. It was assumed to 11_____(end) commercial operation in 1991 but just that year the construction was suspended because of the above Moratorium on the construc­ tion o f 12_____(old) nuclear power units on the territory of the Ukraine. The construction was resumed in 1993. 4. Together with your groupmate(s) make up a dialogue similar to the one about Harrison Steel. You will find all necessary information given below. This dialogue should be about BMW factory. Company Name: BMW Location: Munich, Germany; Eisenach, Germany BMW produces: cars, motorcycles, aircraft engines Brief history: -1916 BMW is founded as an aircraft engine factory in Munich - 1917 the Rapp Motor Company is renamed BMW (Bayerische Moto- ren Werke) - 1923 the first BMW motorcycle leaves the production line - 1928 BMW buys the car factory at Eisenach and with it the licence to build a small car caled Dixi - 1995 even before its official launch the Z3 roadster was famous as James Bond's car in "Golden Eye1' - 1999 the official Agent 007 mission vehicle is the BMW Z8 in "The World is Not Enough" Branches: Research and Development centre in Munich factory, branches all over the world. IV. Writing and Speaking. The World o f Advertising Active Vocabulary: admit v advertisement n annoy v buyer n potential buyer demand n consumer demand derive v essential a evaluate v exaggerated a immense a impact n remind v unless conj vast a признавать реклама раздражать покупатель потенциальный покупатель требование, потребность потребительский спрос получать, извлекать; устанавливать существенный, необходимый оценивать, устанавливать чрезвычайный, преувеличенный огромный влияние, воздействие напоминать если не, пока не обширный 98 Language Practice: 1. Decipher the words and m atch them with their interpretations in column B. A В 1. E+8 letters 2 .1+5 letters 3. V+3 letters 4. R-'-S letters 5- E+7 letters 6 . 1+6 letters 7. A+4 letters a. of great extent; huge b to value very carefully c. to make smb angry d. necessary to the existence e. of great extent; huge f. to put in mind, to cause to remember g. a forcible touch, an influence 2. Translate into English. All underlined words are taken from active vocabulary list. 1 Вас не раздражает реклама в газетах? - Нет, как раз наоборот. Я получаю из нее огромное количество полезной информации. 2 Даже если мы этого не признаем, реклама оказывает на всех нас большое влияние. 3. Задача хорошей рекламы - создать потребительский спрос на рекламируемый продукт 4. Реклама сообщает нам о новых продуктах, а также напоминает об уже существующих. 5 Нравится нам это или нет, реклама составляет существенную чась нашей жизни. 3. There is a mistake in each sentence. Cross out the unnecessary word. 1 Advertising is makes some people furious. 2 However the majority of people believe in that advertising is necessary today. 3 Economists say, that without advertising we would have never have such a wide choice of products to buy. 4. Nowadays almost all existing TV channels are being criticized by the audience for an endless commercials. 5. But sometimes it's impossible not to agree with them. 6 . It can be very annoying or boring when interrupting an interesting film in the most breathtaking moment, but this is a not a problem of advertising itself, but a question TV companies have to think over. 7. The one other mistake about advertising is that it makes things more expensive. 8 . But it makes them things cheaper by increasing the quantity of product sold. 9 One more significant function of advertising is that it can allows us to use many services for free or very low price. 10. That's related, first of its all, to television and newspapers that are quite cheap just be­ cause they publish advertisements. 4. Read the text and be ready for comprehension check-up. Although the average citizen is usually annoyed by all the advertisements printed in newspapers and magazines and the commercials broadcast on TV, the impact of the whole advertising industry on a single person is immense and plays a very important role in our lives. Advertising absorbs vast sums of money but it is useful to the community. What are the functions of advertisements? The first one to mention is to inform. A lot of the information people have about household devices, cars, building materials, electronic Advertising: Good or Rad? 99 equipment, cosmetics, detergents and food is largely derived from the advertisements they read Advertisements introduce them to new products or remind them of the existing ones. The second function is to sell. The products are shown from the best point of view and the potential buyer, on having entered the store, unconsciously chooses the advertised products One buys this washing powder or this chewing gum, because the colourful TV commercials convince him of the best qualities of the product. Even cigarettes or sweets or alcohol are associated with the good values of human life such as joy, freedom, love and hap­ piness, and just those associations make a person choose the advertised products. The aim of a good advertisement is to create a consumer demand to buy the advertised product or service. Children are good example as they usually want the particular kind of chocolate or toy or chewing-gum. Being naive they cannot evaluate objectively what is truthful and what is exaggerated and select the really good products unless they buy the goods and check for themselves. Thirdly, since the majority of advertisements are printed in our press we pay less for newspapers and magazines, also TV in most countries is cheap. The public advertising seen on street boards railway stations and buildings makes people's life more joyful. Moreover, all those small ads in the press concerning "employ­ ment", "education" and "For sale and wanted" columns help ordinary people to find a better job or a better employee, to sell or to buy their second-hand things and find services, or learn about educational facilities, social events such as concerts, theatre plays, football matches, and to announce births, marriages and deaths. Thus despite our dissatisfaction when being bombarded by all the advertisers' information, we must admit that they do perform a useful service to society and advertisements are an essential part of our everyday life. Comprehension Check: 1. A. Answer thefollowing questions and fill in the correct question words where necessary. 1. _____do you think on advertising? Does it make you furious? 2 . _____are the functions of advertisements?_____ can advertising present information about various products. 3. _____is the aim of a good advertisement? 4. _____can serve as a good example of the social group, most affected by advertising? 5. _____can advertising make our lives more joyful? Does it help to look for a job? 6 . Would you like to work in advertising industry? Why/Why not?_____products would you never advertise? 7. _____is your favourite commercial on TV? _ _ _ _ one is the most annoying? 8 . _____is your favourite advertising motto? B. Below are some company trademarks and their motto we see and hear every day. Can you match them? 1. Nokia a Just Do It. 2 . Nike b Generation Next. 3. Hugo Boss c. Making the Sky the Best Place on Earth. 4. Persi d. Connecting People. 5. Danissimo e Share Moments. Share Life. 6 . Coca-Cola f Don't Immitate. Innovate. 7. AirFrance g Feel the Road 8 . Kodak h. Quality Never Goes Out of Style. 9. Dodge i. Always Coca-Cola. 10 . Levis j. The Whole World Can Wait. 100 2. Think of a motto for the following enterprisers. Compare your ideas with other group- mates. Choose the best variant You will find the list of companies below. 1. Belavia (Belarusian national airlines) 2. Savushkin Product (a wide variety of dairy products) 3. Motel "Minsk" (in Skorina Avenue, city center) 4. Podzemka (music shop, mostly sells CDs) 5. Salodki Falvarak (confectionery shop) 6 . Krynitsa (a wide variety of non-alcoholic drinks and beer) 7. Velcom (GSM operator) 3. Nowadays the sphere of advertising gives a lot of opportunities for various fields of crea­ tive work. Many people work in advertising agencies. Below there is a passage about one of the most successful advertising agencies in Russia. Read it and fill in the gaps with words from the box. We are sure, increased, the largest, main, gives, participation, was created, help (v), strong _______________________ and stable positions, professional level______________________ The agency TV MEDIA is 1_____Media Sales House in Russia. The agency 2_____ in 1995, as the enterprise for sales of advertising opportunities on TV. The first experience of cooperation with the ORT channel was the advertising roller of the Coca-Cola company. For the short period of time the agency has won 3_____on the advertising market of Russia. Professionalism of the employees is rising all the time, because the agency spends significant time on it. The number of the employees 4_____as well and now the agency team consists of more than one hundred people. The 5_____activity of TV MEDIA is a sale of advertising opportunities on TV. The TV Media agency adheres to the high standards in business and works without 6____ of any intermediaries. The agency carries out accommodation of the promotional ma­ terials on a _____. The employees of agency will 8_____ you to carry out an advertising campaign on channels of the republican announcement with any real budget. TV MEDIA 9____ its clients the best conditions on accommodation of videomaterials demonstrating the quality and advantages of your goods and services 10_____that if you place the advertising on our TV channels, you will be able: - to open or to expand the market of selling; - to attract attention in your business, - to stimulate public interest; - to provide a wide circle of telespectators with information about the company, it's production and services. 4. Writing and advertising an article. Nowadays in many newspapers and magazines you may find numerous advertising arti­ cles, the main aim of which is too promote this or that product. It gives detailed description of the item or service and underlines its positive sides. Below you will find some information about a cellular phone and its picture. Following the plan attached write a short advertising article for a magazine, trying to persuade its readers to buy. 101 IS** J*'** V . ) i J Size: Weight: Work Time: Additionally: 105x44x19mm 92 grams -waiting mode 300 hours - talk mode 5 hours - built-in digital camera - polyphonic melodies - colour display - GPRS - FM radio - built-in speakerphone - changable panels The optional plan for your article may be as follows: - short description of the model's technical potential - for whom this model may be of particular interest - where to buy - where to find additional information - opinions (positive!) of people who have already used it. Keys U nit 1. B elarus /. Reading and Speaking. The History o f Belarus Language Practice: to contaminate - to purify ancient - modern pre-war - post-war wealth - poverty III. IV to defeat - to lose to construct - to destroy countryside - urban area savage - humane 1. There are a lot of ancient castles in Belarus. 2. Mir castle is one of the many residences of the famous Radzivill family. 3. Today it's a residence of the college of architectural restoration. 4 Brest Fortress is famous by the heroic deed of its hamison. 5. Close to Brest is a national park Belovezskaya Pustcha. 1 . with, in, under, of; 2 . by, in, of; 3. during, over; 4. in, out, from; 5. by, of. 1 . nuclear; 2 . exploded; 3. contaminated; 4. belonged; 5. divided; 6 . countryside; 7. contaminated; 8 . damage; 9. destroyed; 10 . nuclear; 11 savage. 102 II. Listen and Speaking. About Belarus Language Practice: 1 l.iron; 5. apartment; 2 . center; 6 . dwelling-house; 3. European; 7. serf; 4. strong; 8 . Belarus. 2 , raw materials: gravel, clay, potassium salt, sand, marble, dolomite, chalk; grain: barley, oat, wheat, millet, rye; trees: pine, fir-tree, oak, maple, ash, cedar 3 Favourable, central, wonderful, musical, sandy, useful, noisy, doubtful, comfortable, mas­ terful, windy. 4. 1 Some people who live in Belarus think that the country reminds an auroch in its outline. 2. Belarus is characterized, with the favourable situation, at the crossroads of trade ways and therefore it has always been a place of numerous invasions. 3. Moderate climate of the republic allows to grow flax and gather good crops of fruit and vegetables. 4. Belarus is rich in such kinds of raw materials as clay, granite, gravel and potassium salt. 5.Machine-building is one of the most significant branches in modem industry. Comprehension Check: 3. Until the early fourteenth century the ancient settlement of Lida was a wood fortress. In 1323 prince Gedimin of Lithuania built a stone-and-brick fortress at the site and thus it withstood crusader attacks from Prussia in 1392 and 1394. In the seventeenth century it was attacked and damaged several times and in 1710 the fortress was burned to the ground by the Swedes. It was not rebuilt after that. Following Gedimin's death, Lithuania was divided into principalities and Lida became the capital of one such principality. Lida was granted Magdeburg Rights in the early sixteenth century. In the mid-sixteenth century Lida became a country seat in the district of Vilno. III. Conversation Practice. Famous People o f Belarus Language Practice: 1. l .b 3 d 2 e 4. f 2 . 1. principality; 2 . impact; 3. l .d 3. a 2. g 4. f 3. sufficient; 4. purpose. 5. b 7. e 6 . с 5. с 6. a 4. I know Perhaps I think I am sure > radium was discovered by Pierre and Marie Curie. "Psalter'1 was printed by Francisk Skorina. steam engine was invented by James Watt. "Hamlet" was written by Shakespeare. America was discovered by Christopher Columbus. 5th symphony was written by Beethoven. JF Kennedy was killed by Oswald. 103 Comprehension Check: 1. 1. when 3. where, what 5. how 2 . who 4. why 2 . ). ✓ 3. the 5. of 7. at 9. much 2 . there 4. ✓ 6 . ✓ 8 . ✓ 3. A. 1 . of 3. of 5. by 7. for 9. at 2 . to 4. in 6 . to 8 . of 10 . of В 1 . of 2 . of 3. in 4. of С. 1 . of 3. of 5. in 7 . of 2. in/during4. to 6 . to ГУ. Reading and Writing. Cities o f Belarus Language Practice: 1. mournful music, border town, to design a cathedral, highlights of the city, long-lasting siege, to stroll along the main street, to survive the horrors of war. 2. 1. At, of, with, of 3. For, to, of, in, with 2. Of, on, through, of, of, to 4. On, of, with 3. 1. mournful 3. hustle-and-bustle atmosphere 5. highlights 7. prospers 2. sleepy 4.survived 6 . remains Comprehension Check: 1. 1. three rivers 6 . heroic deeds 11 . self-government 2. settlements 7. had been known 12. Magdeburg rights 3 legend 8 . ancient emblem 13. glorious battle 4 Princess Olga 9. center 14. German knights 5. in chronicles 10 . was included Unit 2. English-Speaking Countries I. Reading and Speaking. Great Britain Language Practice: l .d 4. i 7. с 2 -g 5. b 8 . f 3. a 6 . h 9.e 1. to 4. for 7. after 10 . on 2 . in 5. of 8 . to 11 . over 3. to 6 . by 9. in 3. 1. The name "Britain" comes from the name of one of Celtic tribes. 2 One of the main events in British history took place in 55 BC, when Julius Caesar started to conquer Britain. 3. In Britain one can find almost every kind of landscape: mountainous regions, fertile valleys, moorlands, steep shores. 4. London is one of the most beautiful capitals in the world which is famous for its hospi tality. 5. In Birmingham there are some impressive cathedrals and a castle built in the 16th cen­ tury. 104 6 . All tourists who come to Scotland are very eager to listen to the bagpipes and to try real whisky. 7 Many Scots believe in the existence of a fabulous monster which lives in Loch Ness. 8 . Liverpool is one of the largest ports in the world. Today it's a large and modem city with diverse architecture. Comprehension Check: 3 B. a. 3 c. 2 e. 4 b. 1 d. 5 4 , 1. mechanical 3. attention 5. softness 2. injuries 4. unfortunately 6 . suitable. II. Listen and Speaking. The USA Language Practice: 1. 1. Grand Canyon 4. Grand Canyon 7. long 2. tourist 5. years 8 . plants 3. size 6 . deep 9. animals 2 . noun adjective opposite attraction attractive unattractive rock rocky flat depth deep shallow east eastern western importance important unimportant beauty beautiful disgusting sun sunny cloudy idea ideal insignificant metal metallic real non-metallic l .d 3,j 5. g 7. i 9. e 2. f 4. a 6 . с 8 . b 10 . h Comprehension Check: 2, l .g 3. h 5. d 7. с 2. e 4. a 6 . b 8 . f 4 America's greatest holiday - Independence Day - takes place on the 4th of July. On this day Americans celebrate the day in 1776 when the American colonies declared themselves free from British rule. Preparations begin about a week before the actual day. Red, white and blue flags are hung on the public buildings and banners are raised all over the town as everyone waits anxiously for the big parade. On the day of events spectators line the streets. The thumping sound of drums can be heard as the marching band comes along first followed by boy scouts and girl scouts who march waving American flag. Police officers, fire-fighters and local officials stride past, while the crowd cheers enthusiastically. 10 . dry 11 . forests 12 . seasons 105 III. Conversation Practice. Cities o f the World Language Practice: 1 a skyscraper, bridge, concrete, picturesque, cathedral, fountain, square, old-fashioned, ba­ roque, modem, dirty, palace, skyline, wealthy, vertical, suburb low, gothic, town hall, tall, tower, glass, big, block; b. noisy, romantic, lively, exciting, old-fashioned, sophisticated, modem, busy, dirty, sleepy, dangerous, industrial, wealthy, cosmopolitan, hustle-and-bustle. 2. 1 raven 4 Boston 2. Downtown 5. skyscraper 3. perfect 6 . the post-office 3 1. perfect 3. heading S. blend 2 site 4. ravens 6 . explore Comprehension Check: 3. l.no t 3. У 5. they 7. their 9 S 11. S 13. to 1 5 .^ 2. one 4. been 6 . v' 8 . •/ 10, very 12. in 14. S IV. Reading and Writing. Australia language Practice: 1. Across: 1. Canberra 8 . huge 3. source 9. kangaroo 5. lucky 12. mining 6 . desert Down: 2 . platypus 10 . harbour 4. Oz 11. Sydney 7. commonwealth 2. I d 4. g 7. b 2. f 5. e 3. а б. с Comprehension Check: 2 . 1. national symbol 2 extinction 3. are disappearing 4. for thousands of years 5. bird 6 . New Zeland eagle 7. several birds 8 . emblem 3. l .e 4. a 7. b1 . w t , a 2. с 5. f 3. g 6 . d 106 U nit 3. H igher E ducation I. Reading and Speaking. Higher Education in Belarus Language Practice: I d - compulsory 4. b - approximately 2. f - profound 5. с - undergo 3 ,a-lyceum 6 . g-trade l . f 2 g !. underwent 2 education 3. lyceum 3 d 4. i 5. h 6 . с 7. b 8 e 4. higher education 5. academy 6 . attend 7. e - attend 9. a 7. approximately 8 research 9. to take into account 10 . research 11 . departments Comprehension Check: 1. с 2 . b 3. d 4. a 5. f 6 . e II. Listening and Speaking. Higher Education in Great Britain Language Practice: 5. midnight 9. term 13. heart 10. university 14. absent 11. degree 15. truant 12 . board 1 ship 3. degree 2 undergraduate 4. poem 1. correct 5. playground 2 . give 6 . break 3. cheat 7. report 4. headmaster 8 . hard 1. Oxford, Cambridge and London Universities are the leading educational institutions in Great Britain. But not everybody can afford to study there. In order to study in a prestigious university one requires a large amount of money. However there exists a real opportunity of getting a grant. 2. Universities offer not only theoretical, but also practical approach for the study of differ­ ent subjects. 3.Every university consists of a number of colleges: Medicine, Law, Music, Natural sciences, Theology, Economy, (Economics), etc. 4.A University is basically an autonomous system which has its own rules. 5. As a rule, the graduates of most universities are awarded a bachelor degree. 1. kindergarten 5. state school 2 . nursery 6 . private school 3. secondary 7. graduate 4. primary school 8 . post-graduate Comprehension Check: 2 Primary, classes, teachers, secondary, subjects, marks, teach, pass, failed, retake, career. 3 1 unhealthy 4. dissimilar 7. cleverest 10. competitive 2 . energetic 5. childhood 8 . scientist 3. useless 6 . intelligence 9. calculators 107 III. Conversation Practice. Higher Education in the USA language Practice: 1. l .c 3. a 5. b 7. d 2. f 4 g 6 . e 2. 1. kindergarten 5. co-educational 9. seminar 2 . academic 6 . graduate 10. lecture 3 terms 7. degree 11 . scholarship 4. compulsory 8 . tutorial 12. tuition 3. 1.Students sit an exam Examiners set an exam. 2 .Take an exam: attempt to answer the questions; Pass an exam: be successful 3.Compulsory: required by law or regulation; voluntary: performed by free choice. 4 Schools and universities educate people Parents bring them up. 5.A pupil: a child at school; A student: an older person at college or university 4 1 to do 5. to make 2 . to take 6 . to make 3. to make 7. to make 4. to do 8 . to take Comprehension Check: 3. l.u p 3. in 5. at 7. on, of 9. by 2 to 4. for 6 . by 8 up 10. on ГУ. Reading and Writing. Belarusian National Technic University Language Practice: 1. l .d 3. a 5. b 2. с 4. e 2. 1. BNTU is one of the oldest educational institutions in Belarus. 2 All 15 faculties of the university are very popular among school-leavers 3. Most BNTU buildings are situated in the city centre in Skorina Avenue. Some of the students' hostels are situated here as well. 4 The laboratories of the university are equipped with modem (up-to-date) computers and devices which are necessary for the realization (fulfillment) of term papers and writing a thesis. 5. The academic year is divided into two terms. At the end of each term students pass their exams. If the results are good they get a scholarship. 3. 1 . v' 5. they 9. ✓ 13.be 2 . up 6 . ✓ 10. in 14 . of 3. an 7. to 11. ✓ 15. well 4. as 8 . ✓ 12 . ✓ Comprehension check: 2 Across: Down 2 . advanced 1. dormitory 4. term 3. scholarship 6 . mark 5. fail 7. university 8 . loan 10.lecture 9. research 108 Unit 4. Free Tim e and L eisure I. Reading and Speaking. Travelling 1 scenery - landscape facilities - equipment ahead of time - in advance claim - statement Language Practice: 1. d 2. f 3 8 4. a 5. b 6. h exciting - agitating to broaden - to expand to touch - to come into contact 7. с 8. e 1. adventures 4. landscapes 2. exciting 5. resort 3. was looking forward 6 owe 1 sandy, crowded, pebbly beach 2 deep, bottomless, calm, shallow lake 3. crowded, bare, grassy, steep hillside Comprehension Check: 1. b 3. e 5. a 2 d 4. с 1. was travelling 4. stopped 2. had 5. were waiting 3. was passing 6. got off 1.nose 3. wing 2. jet engine 4. flap 7. went 10- didn't mind 8. enjoyed 9. tasted 5. undercarriage 7. fin 6. tail 8. fuselage 9. cockpit 10. window II. Listening and Speaking. Sport and Hobbies iMnguage Practice: 1 . 1 chess 4. boxing 2. basketball 5. continuous 3. jogging 6 . escape 2 . 1. value-d S. item -f 2 eliminate - g 6 . chess - b 3. varied - e 7. escape - a 4. perfect - с 3. Day by day risk sports become more and more popular. People are willing to experience ultimate risk more and more often. Of all the risk sports jumping off bridges and high-rise buildings are the most famous ones. One and a half million people all over the world have tried it. Except jumping, about one million people have tried diving with sharks paying 300 dollars a time. So far nobody has been killed, but the scientists fear, that it's only a question of time. Why are these kinds of sport so popular? Modem society has completely elimi­ nated the spirit of adventure. People feel monotonous and suppressing atmosphere and seek the way out for their emotions in risk sports. They say that this is a perfect way to overcome fears and to get a lot of beneficial energy for everyday work. 4. 1. Why do people take such dangerous risks? 2. Did he wait for you to jump? / Was he waiting for you to jump? 109 3. When did you go to play tennis? 4 Do you agree? 5 How long have you been doing this sport? 6 . What did the instructor ask? 7. He used to hate mountain skiing, didn't he? Comprehension Check: 1 . has 6 for 11. are 2 . are 7. enough 12.be 3 with 8 . first 13. sure 4. away 9. later / then 14. without 5. was 10 . well 15. who 1 not 4. not 2 . detest 5. for 3. it 6 . be III. Conversation Practice. Going out Language Practice: 1. e 3 a 5 b 2. g 4. f 6 . d Across: Down: 1 screen 2 . review 4. Hollywood 3. comedy 8 soap opera 5 Oscar 10 weekend 6 . cast 11 . love 7. end 12 . ballet 9. Roberts 13. opera 11. London 3. 1. Sean Connery played the role of Agent 007 in the first film about James Bond. The films about this fabulous spy are continued to be shot even now. 2. Awards for the best films were presented in Hollywood, California 3. Many famous actors produce their biographical memoirs. In some cases it is even more interesting than the plots of films in which they acted. 4. Tastes differ. I personally prefer spectacular adventure films. 5. The week was really tense. I hope that we will have some rest this weekend. We plan to go to the theatre, but it's necessary to book the tickets right now 6 I have learned a lot about this modern art exhibition from the Internet and mass media. 7. This weekend we are definitely going out of town. If the weather is fine, we will be able to have a rest from the monotonous routine. 4. I f 4 b 2. с 5. d 3, e 6 . a Comprehension Check: 2 . 1. kilo 4. carton 7. bars 2 . loaves 5. packets 8 bag 3. slices 6 . tub 9. box 3 1- 8 3. d 5. f 2 . a 4. с 6 . e 110 IV. Reading and Writing. Eating Habits Language Practice: 1. vegetable fruit meat and fish dairy dessert pumpkin peach caviar cottage cheese cake cucumber raspberry pork milk puff sweet pepper water-melon salmon sour cream honey potato strawberry beef butter ice-cream carrot plum bacon ice-cream cheese roll merry - gloomy to continue - to interrupt essential - inessential to eat out - to eat at home disgusting - tempting alertness - inattentiveness 1. disgusting 4. essential 2 . tempting 5. alertness 3. eat out 6 . interrupted 1. i 4. с 7. e lO.h 2. f 5. b 8 . d 3 .g 6 . a 9.} 1. starving 4. full 2 . food poisoning 5. hangover 3 indigestion 3. l.fo r 4 to 2. out 5. to 3. down 6 to 4. 1 sound unbelievable 2 . into a main course 3. as a handle 4. southern part of Italy 5. in 1830 6 . Marguerita 7. Italian flag 7. What, How 8 What 9 How 7. 0 8 12 10. in 11. up 8 . queen 9. immigrated 10 . pizzas 11 . various toppings 12 . a law 13. 30 minutes Comprehension Check: 1. 1. What 4. What 2. What, Where 5 What; Why 3. What, What 6 Why 2. I E 3. m 5. E 2 . И 4. 0 6 . В 7. at 8 . of 9. out U nit 5. W hat is Y our Line? I. Reading and Speaking. Choosing a Career Language Practice: 1. l . f 3. a 5. d 7. e 2. g 4 b 6 . с 111 2. a definite answer, to look for a good job, to initiate changes, sufficient experience and practical knowledge, knowledge of foreign languages, a serious examination of some­ body's abilities and character, to travel around the world. 1. look for 4. initiate 2. sufficient 5. persistence 3. far more serious examination 6. experience 1. in 4. for 7. off 10. to 2. at 5. in 8. at 11. for 3. to, for, as 6. in 9. of iprehension Check: 1. economy 5. plants 9. import 2. produce б.Ьоот 10. export 3. products 7. slump 11. markets 4. shipyards 8. natural resources 1 am working 6. get up 11. go 16. is playing 2. are you doing 7. plan 12. are you going 17. think 3. am having 8. is getting 13.leaves 18. is trying 4. do you think 9 .teach 14. see 19 do you do 5. like 10. finish 15. stops II. Listening and Speaking. People and Jobs Language Practice: 1. tough - difficult (syn) - easy (ant) confidence - certainty (syn) - doubt (ant) mature - experienced (syn) - inexperienced (ant) to realize - to understand (syn) - to misunderstand (ant) to promote - to move forward (syn) - to move backwards (ant) 2. l . e 3. g 5. a 7.j 9. h 2. с 4. i 6 . d 8 . f 10. b 3. 1. Bill Gates is a famous tycoon and a billionaire. The reason for the enormous success of his company is connected with the development of new software products. 2. It's not so easy to be a salesperson. You have to be patient, polite and self-confident, of course. 3 . 1 think he has already realized that it will be very difficult to create a chain of such re­ search laboratories here. 4. How many employees are there in this company. What is their average salary? 5. The next fashion show is taking place next week. All the money will be handed over to charity organizations. 6 . General director is very popular among his employees. 4. В 1. an estate agent 5. a doctor 2. in computers 6 for Lego 3. a solicitor 7. an accountant 4. for Canon 8 . in construction Comprehension Check: 1. a) Christina Sanchez i) Bill Gates b) Bill Gates j)Claudia Shiffer c)Thomas J. Watson k) Thomas J. Watson 112 d) Christina Sanchez e) Claudia Shiffer f) Claudia Shiffer g) Christina Sanchez h) Thomas J. Watson l)Christina Sanchez m) Claudia Shiffer n) Bill Gates o) Claudia Shiffer p) Thomas J. Watson III. Conversation Practice. A Successful Interview language Practice: 1 I d 5 h 2 . g 6 . с 3. a 7. e 4. f 8 . b 2 . noun adjective opposite form (ality) formal informal (casual) right right wrong hand handy useless vacancy vacant occupied unemployment unemployed employed impression impressive unimpressive casualty casual formal l.e 3. с 5. b 2. d 4. f 6 . a 1. How 3. Who 5. Why 2. Where 4 When 6 . What Comprehension Check: 2. l.C 4. С 7. В 2. В 5. A 8 . С 3.В 6 . С 9. А 3. В. 1. has worked 4. had 2. was 5. has learnt 3. has been 4. l. В 4. M 7. L rt).F 13. G 2. E 5. A 8 . С 1 1 .1 3.K 6 . H 9. J 12. D IV. Reading and Writing. Writing a CV language Practice: l. 1С 2 -g 3.d 4. b 5. f 6 . a 7. e Across: 1. experience 4. font 5. encourage Down: 2 . advert 3. reference 6 . purpose 113 7. covering letter 9. recent 8. CV 11. thesis 10. interview 12. salary 3. 1. If you are looking for a job, it's very important to realize how to present yourself to an employer. 2. Try to get as much information about the employer as possible. 3. Your Curriculum Vitae must be short, attractive and easy to read. 4. Normally a CV should not exceed two pages. 5. It's not necessary to use many various fonts. However you have to leave the margin. 6. When you are sending your CV to the employer, do not forget about the covering letter, which must be addressed to a certain person. Comprehension Check: 1. l .F 4. F 7.F 10. T 2. T 5. F 8. T 3.Т 6.T 9. F 2. Curriculum Vitae: 1. Name 2. Date of birth 3. Present address 4. Telephone number 5. E-mail address 6. Education and qualifications 7. Work experience 8. Other information Oleg Astapenco 24 Golubeva Str., apt.257 220116 Minsk Belarus Tel. 375 17 271 12 17 3. Minsk, December l st, 2003 Mr. Patrick Seless Computers Association 18 Klara Zetkin Str. 220051 Minsk Belarus Tel. 375 17 211 00 20 Dear Mr. Seless, I'm following up with our conversation on Monday, November 25,h, regarding my possible work for Computers Association in Minsk. I am interested in the position of a webmaster. My qualifications are based on a combination of coursework and experience. I have a Bachelor of Technical Sciences degree in programming. At the university I have also gained a good command of spoken and written English and written German. In addition to my experience working as a part-time assistant to Head Programmer at IBM enabled me to obtain the skills of dealing with Internet Communications. Working as a system administrator I was able to improve my skills as I had to prepare templates of different kinds and design spreadsheets and advertise­ ments for the employer. Currently I am employed as a senior programmer at Netscape Agency. 114 I believe, my educational background and my work experience qualifies me for considera­ tion for the position of a webmaster. This position is particularly appealing to me, because tem­ porary work at Computers Association has awakened my interest in the field of web design. And I hope that my skills can be of value to CA, as it prepares to expand and advance in the Republic of Belarus. I appreciate your consideration and look forward to speaking with you soon. Sincerely, Oleg Astapenco. Enclosures: CV U nit 6. M eeting. D iscussing. L earning I. Reading and Speaking. International Student Conference Language Practice: 1. 1. h 3 .g S. a 7. b 9 d 2 . f 4. e 6 . j 8 . i 10. с 2 . 1. of 4. every 7. some 2 . the, in 5. which 3 to 6 . to 3. 1. -, the 3. the, the, - 5. the 7. -, the, 2 . the 4. -, the 6 . the 8 . the Comprehension Check: 2. l .to 4. by 7. of 10.in 2 from 5. of 8 . for 11 to 3. in 6 . by 9. at 3 1. fishing boat 5. Over the last two decades 9. three million 2 . example 6 . newspapers 10. headquarters 3. planet 7. participates 4. in harmony 8 . many others II. Listening and Speaking. 2005 World Year o f Physics Language Practice: 1 1. с З а 5. g 7. b 2. f 4. e 6 . d 2 . a, b, d, e, g, h, j, 1 3. 1. What is the reaction rate? Have you used a catalyst? 2. The samples of this size were approved by the experts. 3, How long time does it take to coordinate the results of the last experiments? 4 We have already established connections with the nuclear physics department (labora­ tory) of the University of New Jersey. 5. Their American, colleagues have launched an initiative not to use enriched uranium in this experiment 6 . 2005 will be declared the World year of physics. 7. What is written in the booklet (brochure) about the conference venue? 115 4 1. The 11th International Conference on Laser Optics will be held in Minsk. 2. It will provide a forum for specialists in all fields of laser science and technology. 3. The conference is a traditional meeting of laser community. 4. It is the largest conference on laser in Eastern Europe. 5 The official language of the conference is English. Comprehension Check: 1. I F 3. F 5 T 7. T 2. T 4. F 6 F 2 1 g 3.b 5. a 7. с 2 e 4. f 6 . d 3 1 С 2. A 3 D 4. В III. Conversation Practice. Visiting an Industrial Enterprise Language Practice: 1. 1. Noun: demand, effect, weld, access, admittance, benefit, installation, foundry, compli­ ance, supervisor, effectiveness, 2 Verb: comply, install, demand, effect, access, ensure, pollute, admit; 3. Adjective: inaccessible, polluted, proud, beneficial. 2 . l . f 3. i 5. с 7. d 9. h 2 . b 4- g 6 . a 8 j 10 e 3. I d 3. e 5. i 7. f 9 g 2 . h 4. a 6 . b 8 c Comprehension Check: 1. F 3. F 5. T 2. T 4. T 6 . F 1 . into 3. of 5. to 2 on 4 without 6 . to 1 near 3. given 5. began 2 . began 4. first 6 . early 7. T 8 T 7 . of 9. in 11 of 8 . to 10. on 12 . for 7. worked 9. international 11. start 8 safety 10. construction 12 . new IV. Writing and Speaking. The World o f Advertising Language Practice: 1 1. essential - d 3. vast - a 5. evaluate - b 7. annoy - с 2. impact - g 4. remind - f 6 . immense - e 2. 1. Are you not annoyed by the advertisements in the newspapers? - No, just on the con­ trary. I get an immense amount of useful information from it 2. Even if we don't admit it, advertisements have a great impact on all of us. 3. The aim of a good advertisement is to create a consumer demand for the advertised product. 4. Advertisements not only introduce new products, but also remind us about already existing ones. 5. Whether we like it or not, advertisements make a very important part of our life. 3 1 is 3 .have(lM) 5. not 7. one 9. can 2. in 4. an 6 . a 8 . them 10. its 116 Comprehension Check: j д. 1. What 3. What 5. How 7. What, Which 2. What, How 4. Who 6 . What 8 . What 1. Nokia. d. Connecting People. 2. Nike. a. Just Do It. 3. Hugo Boss. f. Don't Imitate. Innovate. 4. Pepsi. b. Generation Next. 5.Danissimo. j. The Whole World Can Wait. 6 . Coca-Cola. i. Always Coca-Cola. 7. Air France. c. Making the Sky the Best Place on Earth. 8 . Kodak. i. Share Moments. Share Life. 9. Dodge. g. Feel the Road. 10. Levi's. h. Quality Never Goes Out of Style. 1 . the largest 2 . was created 3. strong and stable positions 4. increased 5. main 6 . participation 7. professional level 8 . help 9. gives 10. We are sure C o n t e n t s В в е д е н и е ......................................................................... ................................. 3 I.'nit 1. Belarus.................................................................................................................. 4 I. Reading and Speaking. The History o f Belarus..................................................... 4 П. Listening and Speaking. About Belarus............................................................... 7 III, Conversation Practice. Famous People o f Belarus............................................... II IV. Reading and Writing. Cities o f Belarus................................................................. 14 Unit 2. English - Speaking Countries.............................................................................. 18 I Reading and Speaking. Great Britain....................................................................... 18 II. Listening and Speaking. The USA......................................................................... 22 III. Conversation Practice. Cities o f the World.......................................................... 26 IV. Reading and Writing. Australia............................................................................. 31 Unit 3. Higher Education................................................................................................... 35 I. Reading and Speaking Higher Education in Belarus............................................. 35 П. Listening and Speaking Higher Education in Great Britain.............................. 38 III Conversation Practice. Higher Education in the USA.......................................... 42 IV. Reading and Writing. Belarusian National Technic University.......................... 46 Unit 4. Free Time and Leisur........................................................................................... 50 I. Reading and Speaking. Travelling........................................................................... 50 П Listening and Speaking. Sports and Hobbies......................................................... 54 III. Conversation Practice. Going out........................................................................... 58 IV. Reading and Writing. Eating Habits..................................................................... 63 Unit 5. What is Your L ine?............................................................................................. 67 I. Reading and Speaking. Choosing a Career............................................................. 67 II. Listening and Speaking. People and Jobs............................................................... 71 III. Conversation Practice. A Successful Interview..................................................... 76 IV. Reading and Writing. Writing a C V ...................................................................... 81 Unit 6 . Meeting. Discussing. Learning............................................................................. 87 I. Reading and Speaking. International Student Conference....................................... 87 II. Listening and Speaking. 2005 World Year o f Physics............................................. 91 III. Conversation Practice. Visiting an Industrial Enterprise....................................... 94 IV. Writing and Speaking The World o f Advertising................................................ 98 Keys...................................................................................................................................... 102 Unit 1. Belarus............................................................................................................... 102 I. Reading and Speaking. П е History o f Belarus....................................................... 102 II. Listen and Speaking. About Belarus....................................................................... 103 III Conversation Practice. Famous People o f Belarus................................................ 103 IV. Reading and Writing. Cities o f Belarus................................................................. 104 Unit 2. English - Speaking Countries...................... .................................................. 104 I. Reading and Speaking. Great Britain....................................................................... 104 II. Listen and Speaking. 7fte USA............................................................................... 105 III Conversation Practice. Cities o f the World........................................................... 106 IV. Reading and Writing. Australia............................................................................. 106 Unit 3. Higher Education............................................................................................. 107 I. Reading and Speaking. Higher Education in Belarus............................................. 107 П. Listening and Speaking. Higher Education in Great Britain.............................. 107 III. Conversation Practice. Higher Education in the USA.......................................... 108 IV. Reading and Writing. Belarusian National Technic University.......................... 108 Unit 4. Free Time and Leisur....................................................................................... 109 I. Reading and Speaking. Travelling........................................................................... 109 II. Listening and Speaking Sports and Hobbies......................................................... 109 III. Conversation Practice. Going out....................................................................... 110 IV. Reading and Writing. Eating Habits..................................................................... I l l 118 Unit 5. What is Your L ine? ........................................................................................ I l l I. Reading and Speaking. Choosing a Career............................................................. I l l II. Listening and Speaking. People and Jobs............................................................... 112 III. Conversation Practice. A Successful Interview..................................................... 113 IV. Reading and Writing. Writing a C V...................................................................... 113 Unit 6 . Meeting. Discussing. Learning......................................................................... 115 I. Reading and Speaking. International Student Conference....................................... 115 П. Listening and Speaking. 2005 World Year o f Physics............................................. 115 III. Conversation Practice. Visiting an Industrial Enterprise....................................... 116 V. Writing and Speaking. The World o f Advertising................................................. 116 Учебное издание ХОМЕНКО Светлана Анатольевна СКАЛАБАН Валентина Филипповна ГРЕСЬ Алина Игоревна СОВЕРШЕНСТВУЙТЕ СВОЙ АНГЛИЙСКИЙ Учебное пособие Корректор М.П. Антонова Компьютерная верстка А.Г. Гармаза Подписано в печать 27.10.2003. Формат 60 х 84 1/16. Бумага типографская № 2. Печать офсетная. Гарнитура Таймс. __________ Усл.печ.л. 6,9. Уч.-изд.л. 5,4. Тираж 150. Заказ 327.__________ Издатель и полиграфическое исполнение: Белорусский национальный технический университет. Лицензия ЛВ № 155 от 30.01.2003.220013, Минск, проспект Ф.Скорины 65.