!
! 
"#$%%&'())&
	




	







	



	


 !"#$$%& ''(()'%

% *
+* *& ''((')%

,+-..+/    +
!+0
 *!*  1 .
+!+..!	 
	+.*!!*  
2	


'((3



$     + +
!4 ./  /	 0 
*.	.
	
.  
!5	*6 .0
  *  !"!
!   07. 
* 
 
 !!
 *0
 * "
#0
5.  "
0
+ 
  	!*.0
+! +	0
+78/	 /0
5*.  +  9'8	

"!  * 0
 /	 0 1 .+
*9:8	
/	5 + 0
 *
-.. +!
	5   *    4
+ !!  0
! 4!40
!!  "+;	 
/4-0
5.  *  
! 4-!!5 0
 
1" 
  4  
 !
 

 


!




	



	

"
	

< !5	
4-*
.5	!*-
.!!=>7
#$%&'()$*+'
'&%,-).'-+&%
*$-()+$/,
0)&1()-+(,
$%2
134,+',
&5
-3(+)
5&)*$-+&%
?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMCNJOEEPQRSITUVWBXWBP
SPNCBCLCUJYZUVWEPBVNEPQ[UKBEMBKBCDJYZEVWBPUN\@H]ZBPNX''(()']UKETLN
]UKETLNBEP\ECBJPEK^UVWPBVEK_PBOUTNBCD\@H]ZBPNX''(()']UKETLN
^WU`UPUTEKaTBPVBaKUNJYCWUYJTbECBJPJYPEPJVUTEbBVVJPNCTLVCBJPbECUTBEKNETUVJPNBQUTUQZUVWEPBVEKaTJaUTCBUNJYPBCTBQUVUTEb0
BVNETUVEKVLKECUQEPQUcaUTBbUPCEKQECEJPQUPNBCDEPQWETQPUNNQUaUPQBP`JPCWUVJPVUPCTECBJPJYQBYYUTUPCYBKKUTNETU`BOUPYJTPBCTBQU
VUTEbBVN

	
	

				
 !
! 
"#$%%&'())&
5	
*.   1	"
15*	+ 
3 1	,	
4- 15 	
:'1	 
.1 0
 !.!4.
*15*(3d1	
5	
4-15	ee:'1	

.15  0
 ! β0!/ .0

f#    	

 
	  
	
 .!*.4  4
 5 
,	
4-15	 *#0
* +  	  
 *  !* /* :d 1	
5! +  
	
  
	

:33(d1	f0
#   	 1// !"0
.!
..gh': °
 
	
 

	
 i..'g:'eh(j°
	
 0
  *+ 
 "!
+*f"!+*  0
"+
	+.	+
 +!4 	


− 5!


 gi
!5 
k    # !
 .!*!
+4
!
#5 .
! +  *

# 5	 	 4+
!5+!/ + 50
5+	
.
."1  
!.
+l.! 	+0
	.! *#* +m+10
5.!!0	.
"0
 +.+!	! *#0
* +! n8.0
!"+!

#!.
+1 0
 
	5 
	+*!	*" 0
*.+! 	 4-!.0

!.
0!.
	
.!0
	*.+. 40
#4 ! !10
o!
  i"!	0
!*4-9

 i	
4-
15	9  i
 *0* !*/9 κ i 1//0
 !9 

  	
  i 1// + 	!+
	!*4-9   	

 ερερ i0
.! 1 *.  5 +
	!*4-+0,0150
9 	   -i5+
  *+*. +9 θ i!0
*	9

 i!.
+*1  *
α i +* 1//5 

n8.	!-
."*# !+/k 
.	!*.
	!.0
! *#* +<0
!  # 0
	!
"p-*! *#*
 + 5	
*. .!
g$!1* *.!*."+
  " ." 1  !.*
&"!+ ."+0
	+ " + .+ 	 .4
 &
+*	.+
! + 
 n(d)8	l5	.0
! 
  !.
0!.
+ 	!*0
,  p-* !  * #*  + !
 








>

πε
α+πε
θ+εε



+
+×

 ×ερερκ
≤+−
= ∑ ∑∑ ∫ ∫
= = =








	


	


	
	





  





	
	
	




	


















 
   	


	
 n8

	
	

				
 !
! 
"#$%%&'())&
5-+	
#+!50
+!/.#5"
./ *#*
 +	4.+	+	$
'. 	/5+
#	0
+..+	.&+.+
5	.

 !
+ 

#.+i!
+ $
	++ +#* 0
*  
 
	 l +	.4	0
 4-
#.+#* 
! /4.4.  

	+ + 	  ".0
+.  .
4	.
	0
+.+! 
#	p!0
 15.!51 +
!
#!.
+1  0
 !	 
#..+!

  
	
   
 
	  
  !4
#1  0
f#  
	
 	0
#.
+ .
0
1  .+ + 5	5 	.


  .+ +	 4!
!/ -* * 0
! 
1!+.0
! !*  .
	
 eq
5	f#  
	
 	0
.!.!+ .0
"	.
+ 

#	+.+! 
!.+='>.!"!4
1 +! !4- !+ ,


	
  
 ..g)e(°

d)q..gje(°
i")jgq

+	# 0
4.*1// 5.! *
#*  + 
 
	    
'g:'eg°
	
!	-* *#* +
! n8.!.5
	.	 4-	+.
0
#5	!!+*!*
  !
 
	
 .e3eql .0

.! 
	
 -
!*  !"
.eq
=:>k 50
 
	
 !*  1 .0

.!5	(3eql0
!
 # 0
! 	"'

*
!	  +5   	
"	 4
 	 !	.
+
" +	+.+ 
.!
+."!.
+1 0
 & +  .
+
."!.
+1  
 !!5*!/!/0

.!
."!0
.
+1  	.
!
-	+.+5	.0
."+."1  !.*
k 	 "!4	4 
	.4 	 .!+.
!.
51  5.!!
	+.+ +	.+.0
."+."1  !.*
	!*1  !.* 	 0
+	+.!.
.
 4#4 ! 
<.
15.  0
*#* ! 
rg((jj1 "!+** 1
	
4- 15 	   
 ! 	rg'jd1	
f"!+** #* +
!  "+	0
+.
.4.  
#* +! "+0
/   	 	0
+	  	 

 !!
r)(q
 	 
1!	!
+0
 4.m+#.	.+
	+.   	 "0
.
	
.!

+.0
+!+ ++.4
 4-5
st
, ';5 -5 !  *#*  +
! 

	
	

				
 !
! 
"#$%%&'())&	


+ ..0
!  *.!  	 ZJHB
HBHB	!* *  
 .0
! .!	
	+!0
.
+ +HB\  ! !.
 
ZJHB +/4!0
5 1i.+*!1  
6
7






	


< !5	
4-
15	!*-.!
/* n8 	5 
	
4- 15 	!* .!0
.!7




∆+≤≤∆+−β
∆+≤≤−β=
=


	
	
	

	

	




n'8
o!
 ∆  	∆ i"0
!  - !  + 	
 !	
.	!*
. 1//..
 β 	 	β

 	 β>β 
	!*#5!
 !  	 4  ."
 ." .
4  .4
#!."	 
!-n 850
5o.5	0
!*5 .!
	 4-
."7



=
 n:8
5!.n/80.	!*9-i.-!

+ 	!*
	  .5!/
!5."!	+*0
*	
4
12 n38
5!0
#	!+	 
5!90!
u5
n38+	
	.0
+  *# .!7










 −=−
−
ne8
o!


 	  = i	
4-150
	.!-!+!5
 "!	 +.!.n8
&" 	!*0
 *!50
4.
+.-!
 0
.!	5 k5!
 	 =   i"!
5 8"! 
7 
   =

5!!*  
!/*  ≤≤ 
 	 !	0

.	!*
"! 5!1.!!/*
!    !" !
 +
*
&!
u5+*" +	0
!*	.0
 *# !4-	7

		
	
	







∆= nd8
+"nd8.!!
u5	 0
.+  5!5+.0
+*!u5!5 0
.!!α0β0!/ *!
 <β0!/ .!+!+	0
!." 5	
0
*  β  
*  ⊥β . .#0
4 ."!4
<α0!/ !
u5
#!
β0!/ !.! 	
		!u5!α00
!/ 	
!β0!/ <
! 	.*!
u50
.!+=3e>:(
	<!
!=d>.!	')(d

5!  =e>i33(
			
!u5!!*  .
	  :(  3(q   ::( 
:3(g
=e>
  !/++.+
	!u5 	
=e> 	
 -.5#
	0
 rgq  .1+
-!.!!*	!*0
5	 
151 .0
-
	"	+	0
!u5!.!.0
+ 
k
o!u5n
8!!*  
α0β0!/ *	..
$!  
%	. 
.
α β ⊥β α β ⊥β
( j' ''3 :3e :he '3e :dd
(e )) 'j ::d :j3 ':h :ed
( ) '( :'3 :) ':( :33
e( : d '3h 'je )) 'd3
q
!/0



	
	

				
 !
! 
"#$%%&'())&

4	4!
u5!0
!*  .β0!/ 0
5!*n'(
8!	
.*." 5!!..0
"+!
."*5	 e	
#

1!  .   0
 +*"
.	
0
+ .+5	 
8
9"
	:





	


l .
. +-
! . =) j>7 8 .!
	
.		.50
!" 	 ! !5	
.
	5.# !+.! 9'80
!
	!		
.5!" 	 ! 
!5	.
	5.# !+
.! 
<	.! * 
.!
! !.0
+	 +.. 0
!5

	!0
+		5! *.0
 g3((v
!
α→β0
.-  
 gd((v
1.
	!	#.gje(v


+	!+.! .0
!.  .	.+.#0
* * +! 


#	!+.! . .0
   	  
 	+
.5		!
.0
!	..!0
+ .*#+ 0
+ ! 	
.. 0
  	.# 
#	!0
+.! .
		 .!	0
!.# 	.!"0
!.+1 .
+!+
5	 .	
!	n'8
,+ !+	.0
+	.# 
#	!+
.! .!4!	 	+*
	!	.0
 	 ! "+0
!
	
!.! 550
"!	$5.	!!0
.e((d(()((g'((v
e	.+!" 
egn!8$:. 		

!.5!" 	 .	0
+5
.	5
g'((v
	+* ! 5
-!
!"+
+0
 .!"!.+. 5
.-.	 .	40

# 
+ +5.
.! 	 	 *
*  <.+e((v
.0
!+*/	+*.!-15!0
!5.!
    	 !".!
 
4 !!*     0
	*!
4/0
!*  .!"+ +
 + 
	*!
4.

.+	!"	

k'
o
.n 5w:8 !n&
8	+	!*  
	!+.!   	 ! 

+
,	(3j:  ,	(je 
'(q 	 3(q 	 d(q 	 '(q 	 3(q 	 d(q 	


 :)d±((3 3(±((3 3e±((3 :33±((3 :hj±(( :hh±((h
k!
xA( 3: 3j) e3 3e( :(( 3''
,:o
!.5!" 	
.
+n 89.!e((v
e	.e
 n 89. !d(( v
e	.e n 89 .
!)((v
e	.en 89.!g'((v
e
	.en 8

	
	

				
 !
! 
"#$%%&'())&
!" 	 .!
!5	
.#  .
	+.!  . 
!*  ,	
+	.
	.!+'
	'!.+	!+
.! .!.  .	.
+.#* * +0
! 

#	!+
.!  . .   	

	+.5		!0
 
.! 	.
.!+ .*0
!
+ 
. 	
..gje(v
.! .0
*  ! α0!/ 0
.!β0!/ 4,# 0
	  4#4 
 *..5!"
	 	 
#.-!
 !/0
+l 	
.!"!
4!
!*     
	  	  !.
0!.
5
	!*"!  	 0
	++.#* 0
! 
< +	*  	 .0
-!
	!/+	0
.-!
4!/5<
#* * +! !0
/-+
.4!/+l
"!5+#
!4 
!  . 	.
#+
	+.
+*	
 .0

4    	"* 
g
	.	+.0
  	 !.
0!.
 	!*
544."0
  	 1.

! 0 
!
.	
		0
   +f
 .!
	!4-.0
! /4"+ +
 +o +	!*!5!0
5y!4 +
 	!*
 + .!15  0
   *  	0
 f  !  
.!*	4.4 0
	+.5
#5
		.+	!+ 	
!5!*
	+.+
#5
		.4  
 
	 	0
+.+5	i   	

+	4-!	5!!0
 *	.4   
 
	 

+ .g'((v
+# 
 z
d(q 	 zeq 
	
 zeq 
	
 !.0
    *.!  	
	!.
+ +HB\/0
+*  +*#
!1  +.+ 1 .
+0
!.!*  !0
 +.	!

 .0

	*!/0
!*     
 "  
/
 5.0
 *  
;

k 	.!+* *
15*	 +	0
	"+.	!**5
..	
 /0
!*  & *0
 *  .!4"+
	!*$1*.!0
!u5!!*  α0β0!/ 0
!u5β0!/ 	0

.!1	α0!/ 

#+!/l .0

+!.!.!0
"!4.+* *!
u5.	+!/ ! 
<


	
	

				&		
  ! wwB$+
*
 !1BB %B
+/B	B 01B+ {'((3{
|'{
h{e
'
3 41	
	5 		$! +
5{&7&5hj3{:e
:
	
	

		637	
	158649:	8	

 *  *  0
{& 7}
sk.t'(('{''e
3;<//=,>	xEPQMJJXJY?TJaUTCBUNJY U^VWPBVEKEPQGP`BPUUTBP`~U0
TEbBVN{RJPQJP7xUTZEUNCD€NHCECBJPETDJYYhje{AJK{
:3jga
e?@*AA*B/C*-	D=,,<E*F	HCTLVCLTUEPQaTJaUTCBUNJY 
 { 	
VJbaJNBCUNww~UTEbBV?TJVUNNBP`[UNUETVW{'(('{A:{\Jg:g{
?j){he
d!

	
	G
	
	137	H	
!+{&7&0
5h)h{')'
)		

		f!
  0
+  ww$+!+AS&"!!5.	
s
+.+.t'({'3
 '((:5
,7'w
!!&{
 *$5!7$}‚&!5'((:{k'{
'({
'3
jI3	6	IJ	GK	
+!w}./	 0
{k'{&7$k.**0
5hej{
'je{3d